{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T09:56:12Z","timestamp":1791107772625,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Experimental studies have suggested a role for the local renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the response to vascular injury. Clinical data support that aldosterone, via activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), is an important mediator of vascular damage in humans with cardiovascular disease. In mineralocorticoid-sensitive target tissue, aldosterone specificity for MR is conferred enzymatically by the cortisol-inactivating enzyme 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase-2 (11\u03b2HSD2). However, the role of MR\/aldosterone signaling in the venous system has not been explored. We hypothesized that MR expression and signaling in venous smooth muscle cells contributes to the arterialization of venous conduits and the injury response in vein bypass grafts. MR immunostaining was observed in all samples of excised human peripheral vein graft lesions and in explanted experimental rabbit carotid interposition vein grafts, with minimal staining in control greater saphenous vein. We also found upregulated transcriptional expression of both MR and 11\u03b2HSD2 in human vein graft and rabbit vein graft, whereas control greater saphenous vein expressed minimal MR and no detectable 11\u03b2HSD2. The expression of MR and 11\u03b2HSD2 was confirmed in cultured human saphenous venous smooth muscle cells (hSVSMCs). Using an adenovirus containing a MR response element-driven reporter gene, we demonstrate that MR in hSVSMCs is capable of mediating aldosterone-induced gene activation. The functional significance for MR signaling in hSVSMCs is supported by the aldosterone-induced increase of angiotensin II type-1 receptor gene expression that was inhibited by the MR antagonist spironolactone. The upregulation of MR and 11\u03b2HSD2 suggests that aldosterone-mediated tissue injury plays a role in vein graft arterialization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00637.2010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,3]],"date-time":"2011-05-03T01:54:12Z","timestamp":1304387652000},"page":"H41-H47","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Mineralocorticoid receptor expression in human venous smooth muscle cells: a potential role for aldosterone signaling in vein graft arterialization"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"301","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Bafford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Surgery Research Laboratory and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin Xin","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Surgery Research Laboratory and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Surgery Research Laboratory and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Miyahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenna G.","family":"Newfell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris Z.","family":"Jaffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose R.","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail K.","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon H.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raouf A.","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Surgery Research Laboratory and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Conte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Surgery Research Laboratory and"},{"name":"Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. 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