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The data indicated that short-term magnesium deficiency (10% normal dietary intake) resulted in the upregulation of SMS and p53 in both ventricular and aortic smooth muscles; even very low levels of water-borne Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>(e.g., 15 mg\u00b7l<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) either prevented or ameliorated the upregulation in SMS and p53. Our experiments also showed that VSMCs exposed to low [Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>resulted in the de novo synthesis of ceramide; the lower the [Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>, the greater the synthesis of ceramide. In addition, the data indicated that inhibition of either SMS, p53, SPT, or CS in VSMCs exposed to low [Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>resulted in marked reductions in the de novo synthesis of ceramide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00671.2010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,9]],"date-time":"2010-10-09T01:59:53Z","timestamp":1286589593000},"page":"H2046-H2055","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Short-term magnesium deficiency upregulates sphingomyelin synthase and p53 in cardiovascular tissues and cells: relevance to the de novo synthesis of ceramide"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"299","author":[{"given":"Burton M.","family":"Altura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of 1Physiology and Pharmacology,"},{"name":"Medicine, and"},{"name":"The Center for Cardiovascular and Muscle Research, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York;"},{"name":"Bio-Defense Systems, Incorporated, Rockville Centre, New York; 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