{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:09:27Z","timestamp":1790788167580,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL104106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL104106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> It has previously been shown that high dietary salt impairs vascular function independent of changes in blood pressure. Rodent studies suggest that NADPH-derived reactive oxygen species mediate the deleterious effect of high salt on the vasculature, and here we translate these findings to humans. Twenty-nine healthy adults (34\u2009\u00b1\u20092 yr) participated in a controlled feeding study. Participants completed 7 days of a low-sodium diet (LS; 20 mmol sodium\/day) and 7 days of a high-sodium diet (HS; 300 mmol sodium\/day) in random order. All participants were salt resistant, defined as a \u22645-mmHg change in 24-h mean BP determined while on the LS and HS diets. Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to assess cutaneous vasodilation in response to local heating (42\u00b0C) during local delivery of Ringer\u2019s ( n = 29), 20 mM ascorbic acid (AA; n = 29), 10 \u00b5M Tempol ( n = 22), and 100 \u00b5M apocynin ( n = 22). Additionally, endothelial cells were obtained in a subset of participants from an antecubital vein and stained for nitrotyrosine ( n = 14). Cutaneous vasodilation was attenuated by the HS diet compared with LS [LS 93.0\u2009\u00b1\u20092.2 vs. HS 86.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.0 percentage of maximal cutaneous vascular conductance (%CVC<jats:sub>max)<\/jats:sub>; P &lt; 0.05] and was restored by AA during the HS diet (AA 90.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2 %CVC<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>; P &lt; 0.05 vs. HS). Cutaneous vasodilation was also restored with the local infusion of both apocynin ( P &lt; 0.01) and Tempol ( P &lt; 0.05) on the HS diet. Nitrotyrosine expression was increased on the HS diet compared with LS ( P &lt; 0.05). These findings provide direct evidence of dietary sodium-induced endothelial cell oxidative stress and suggest that NADPH-derived reactive oxygen species contribute to sodium-induced declines in microvascular function. <\/jats:p><jats:p> NEW &amp; NOTEWORTHY High-sodium diets have deleterious effects on vascular function, likely mediating, in part, the increased cardiovascular risk associated with a high sodium intake. Local infusion of apocynin and Tempol improved microvascular function in salt-resistant adults on a high-salt diet, providing evidence that reactive oxygen species contribute to impairments in microvascular function from high salt. This study provides insight into the blood pressure-independent mechanisms by which dietary sodium impairs vascular function. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Listen to this article\u2019s corresponding podcast at https:\/\/ajpheart.podbean.com\/e\/dietary-sodium-oxidative-stress-and-microvascular-function\/ . <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00786.2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]],"date-time":"2019-05-10T10:18:22Z","timestamp":1557483502000},"page":"H97-H103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Apocynin and Tempol ameliorate dietary sodium-induced declines in cutaneous microvascular function in salt-resistant humans"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"317","author":[{"given":"Meghan G.","family":"Ramick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware"},{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, West Chester University, West Chester, 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