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Studies in the heart, have identified antihypertrophic miRNA-1, -133, -26, -9, -98, -29, -378, and -145 and prohypertrophic miRNA-143, -103, -130a, -146a, -21, -210, -221, -222, -27a\/b, -199a\/b, -208, -195, -499, -34a\/b\/c, -497, -23a, and -15a\/b. Four miRNAs are recognized as cardiac-specific: miRNA-1, -133a\/b, -208a\/b, and -499 and called myomiRs. In our studies we have shown that miRNAs respond to swimming aerobic exercise by 1) decreasing cardiac fibrosis through miRNA-29 increasing and inhibiting collagen, 2) increasing angiogenesis through miRNA-126 by inhibiting negative regulators of the VEGF pathway, and 3) modulating the renin-angiotensin system through the miRNAs-27a\/b and -143. Exercise training also increases cardiomyocyte growth and survival by swimming-regulated miRNA-1, -21, -27a\/b, -29a\/c, -30e, -99b, -100, -124, -126, -133a\/b, -143, -144, -145, -208a, and -222 and running-regulated miRNA-1, -26, -27a, -133, -143, -150, and -222, which influence genes associated with the heart remodeling and angiogenesis. We conclude that there is a potential role of these miRNAs in promoting cardioprotective effects on physiological growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00899.2014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,13]],"date-time":"2015-06-13T03:31:35Z","timestamp":1434166295000},"page":"H543-H552","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["Aerobic exercise training promotes physiological cardiac remodeling involving a set of microRNAs"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"309","author":[{"given":"Tiago","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Sport, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rio G.","family":"Bara\u00fana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos E.","family":"Negr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Sport, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil;"},{"name":"Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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