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Plasma \u03b2-endorphin was decreased before the development of hypertension and in the hypertensive state ( P &lt; 0.05). There was no change in cardiac \u03b2-endorphin content at either time point. No differences were detected in cardiac or plasma dynorphin A, Met-enkephalin, or Leu-enkephalin, or in cardiac peptide expression of \u03ba- or \u03b4-opioid receptors. \u03bc-Opioid receptor was not detected in either model. To determine how hypertension affects myocardial opioid signaling, the ex vivo work-performing heart was used to assess the cardiac response to opioid administration in healthy hearts and those subjected to chronic hypertension. Agonists selective for the \u03ba- and \u03b4-opioid receptors, but not \u03bc-opioid receptors, induced a concentration-dependent decrease in cardiac function. The decrease in left ventricular systolic pressure on administration of the \u03ba-opioid receptor-selective agonist, U50488H, was attenuated in hearts from hamsters subjected to chronic, untreated hypertension ( P &lt; 0.05) compared with control. 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