{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T06:41:07Z","timestamp":1790318467985,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In cardiac cells that lack macroscopic transient outward K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>currents ( I<jats:sub>to<\/jats:sub>), the removal of extracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>can unmask \u201c I<jats:sub>to<\/jats:sub>-like\u201d currents. With the use of pig ventricular myocytes and the whole cell patch-clamp technique, we examined the possibility that cation efflux via L-type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channels underlies these currents. Removal of extracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>and extracellular Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>induced time-independent currents at all potentials and time-dependent currents at potentials greater than \u221250 mV. Either K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>or Cs<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>could carry the time-dependent currents, with reversal potential of +8 mV with internal K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and +34 mV with Cs<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>. Activation and inactivation were voltage dependent [Boltzmann distributions with potential of half-maximal value ( V<jats:sub>1\/2<\/jats:sub>) = \u221224 mV and slope = \u22129 mV for activation; V<jats:sub>1\/2<\/jats:sub>= \u221258 mV and slope = 13 mV for inactivation]. The time-dependent currents were resistant to 4-aminopyridine and to DIDS but blocked by nifedipine at high concentrations (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>= 2 \u03bcM) as well as by verapamil and diltiazem. They could be increased by BAY K-8644 or by isoproterenol. We conclude that the I<jats:sub>to<\/jats:sub>-like currents are due to monovalent cation flow through L-type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channels, which in pig myocytes show low sensitivity to nifedipine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00952.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]],"date-time":"2015-03-03T20:02:41Z","timestamp":1425412961000},"page":"H1879-H1888","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Channels involved in transient currents unmasked by removal of extracellular calcium in cardiac cells"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"282","author":[{"given":"Regina","family":"Macianskiene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cardiac Cellular Research, Centre for Experimental Surgery and Anaesthesiology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Moccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cardiac Cellular Research, Centre for Experimental Surgery 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