{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:17:16Z","timestamp":1792739836425,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The aim of this study was to compare the systemic hemodynamic effects of four commonly used anesthetic regimens in mice that were chronically instrumented for direct and continuous measurements of cardiac output (CO). Mice (CD-1, Swiss, and C57BL6 strains) were instrumented with a transit-time flow probe placed around the ascending aorta for CO measurement. An arterial catheter was inserted into the aorta 4 or 5 days later for blood pressure measurements. After full recovery, hemodynamic parameters including stroke volume, heart rate, CO, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and total peripheral resistance were measured with animals in the conscious state. General anesthesia was then induced in these mice using isoflurane (Iso), urethane, pentobarbital sodium, or ketamine-xylazine (K-X). The doses and routes of administration of these agents were given as required for general surgical procedures in these animals. Compared with the values obtained for animals in the conscious resting state, MAP and CO decreased during all anesthetic interventions, and hemodynamic effects were smallest for Iso (MAP, \u221224 \u00b1 3%; CO, \u22125 \u00b1 7%; n = 15 mice) and greatest for K-X (MAP, \u221251 \u00b1 6%; CO, \u221237 \u00b1 9%; n = 8 mice), respectively. The hemodynamic effects of K-X were fully antagonized by administration of the \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-receptor antagonist atipamezole ( n = 8 mice). These results indicate that the anesthetic Iso has fewer systemic hemodynamic effects in mice than the nonvolatile anesthetics. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01192.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,24]],"date-time":"2004-05-24T20:43:35Z","timestamp":1085431415000},"page":"H1618-H1624","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":281,"title":["Effects of anesthetics on systemic hemodynamics in mice"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"287","author":[{"given":"Ben J. A.","family":"Janssen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tijl","family":"De Celle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques J. M.","family":"Debets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka E.","family":"Brouns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael F.","family":"Callahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"Allen D, Pringle J, Smith D, Palsloke K, and Day K. Handbook of Veterinary Drug Research. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven, 1998."},{"key":"R2","unstructured":"Arras M, Autenried P, Rettich A, Spaeni D, and Rulicke T. Optimization of intraperitoneal injection anesthesia in mice: drugs, dosages, adverse effects, and anesthesia depth. Comp Med 51: 443\u2013456, 2001."},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.048249"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(01)01123-7"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199007000-00017"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(02)00661-2"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.13.1564"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.281.5.H1938"},{"key":"R9","unstructured":"Hellebrekers L, Booij L, and Flecknell P. Anesthesia, analgesia and euthanasia. In: Principles of Laboratory Animal Science, edited by van Zutphen L, Baumans V, and Beynen A. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2001, p. 277\u2013311."},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200303000-00020"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(91)90128-6"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00406.2001"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00714.2001"},{"key":"R14","unstructured":"Jong WM, Zuurbier CJ, De Winter RJ, Van Den Heuvel DA, Reitsma PH, Ten Cate H, and Ince C. Fentanyl-fluanisone-midazolam combination results in more stable hemodynamics than does urethane alpha-chloralose and 2,2,2-tribromoethanol in mice. Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci 41: 28\u201332, 2002."},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200212000-00027"},{"key":"R16","unstructured":"Kiatchoosakun S, Kirkpatrick D, and Hoit BD. Effects of tribromoethanol anesthesia on echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function in mice. Comp Med 51: 26\u201329, 2001."},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00161.2003"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00759.2001"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(82)90155-8"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01031.2002"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1056-8719(93)90049-K"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002367799780487887"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rao S and Verkman AS. Analysis of organ physiology in transgenic mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 279: C1\u2013C18, 2000.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.2000.279.1.C1"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1998.274.4.H1184"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00845.2001"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000137493"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1980.238.4.H539"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(03)00018-3"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200308000-00048"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(03)00049-0"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00612.2001"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1999.277.5.H1967"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01002.2001"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajpheart.01192.2003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]],"date-time":"2019-09-08T15:44:06Z","timestamp":1567957446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajpheart.01192.2003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajpheart.01192.2003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.01192.2003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-6135","1522-1539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-6135","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]}}}