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During RP, baseline and peak intracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>concentration ([Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>) increased markedly. After RP, Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>transients were similar to control. The effects of RP on cell shortening were not prevented by 1 \u03bcM calpain inhibitor I, 25 \u03bcMl- N<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>-(1-iminoethyl)-orthinthine, or 100 \u03bcM N<jats:sup>G<\/jats:sup>-monomethyl-l-arginine. However, RP-induced inhibition of cell shortening was prevented by lowering extracellular [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>] (0.5 mM) during RP or exposure to chelerythrine (2\u20134 \u03bcM), a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, or LY379196 (30 nM), a selective inhibitor of PKC-\u03b2. Exposure to phorbol ester (200 nM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) inhibited cell shortening (\u221246 \u00b1 7%). Western blots indicated that cat myocytes express PKC-\u03b1, -\u03b4, and -\u03b5 as well as PKC-\u03b2. These findings suggest that brief RP of ventricular myocytes depresses contractility at the myofilament level via Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\/PKC-dependent signaling. These findings may provide insight into the mechanisms of contractile dysfunction that follow paroxysmal tachyarrhythmias.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.280.1.h90","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]],"date-time":"2017-12-22T09:08:25Z","timestamp":1513933705000},"page":"H90-H98","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Brief rapid pacing depresses contractile function via Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>\/PKC-dependent signaling in cat ventricular myocytes"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"280","author":[{"given":"Yong Gao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago and Cardiovascular Institute, Maywood, Illinois 60153"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Benedict","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago and 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