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After 90-min severe ischemia and 120-min reperfusion, IS averaged 28.3 \u00b1 5.4% (means \u00b1 SE) ( n = 8; Endo: 0.047 \u00b1 0.009 ml \u00b7 min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7 g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). IP by 10-min ischemia and 15-min reperfusion reduced IS to 9.9 \u00b1 3.8% ( P &lt; 0.05, n = 8; Endo: 0.044 \u00b1 0.009 ml \u00b7 min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7 g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). After naloxone (1 mg\/kg iv followed by 2 \u03bcg \u00b7 kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7 min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), IS averaged 25.8 \u00b1 7.0% ( n = 6; Endo: 0.039 \u00b1 0.008 ml \u00b7 min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7 g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) without and 24.7 \u00b1 4.7% ( n = 6; Endo: 0.044 \u00b1 0.006 ml \u00b7 min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7 g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) with IP. At 5-min moderate ischemia in the presence of naloxone, Endo decreased from 0.90 \u00b1 0.07 to 0.28 \u00b1 0.03 ml \u00b7 min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7 g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>and \u0394 G decreased from \u221258.6 \u00b1 1.0 to \u221252.6 \u00b1 0.4 kJ\/mol. Prolongation of ischemia to 90 min did not alter Endo, but \u0394 G recovered toward control values (57.7 \u00b1 1.1 kJ\/mol), and the myocardium remained viable. These responses are identical to those of nonnaloxone-treated pigs. 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