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In this study, we first evaluated the expression of TSLP in primary HASMC and investigated how proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2) and Th-2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-9) regulate TSLP production from HASMC. TSLP mRNA and protein were assessed by real-time RT-PCR, ELISA, and immunofluorescence from primary HASMC cultures. Primary HASMC express constitutive level of TSLP. Incubation of HASMC with IL-1 or TNF-\u03b1 resulted in a significant increase of TSLP mRNA and protein release from HASMC. Furthermore, combination of IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1 has an additive effect on TSLP release by HASMC. Primary HASMC pretreated with inhibitors of p38 or p42\/p44 ERK MAPK, but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, showed a significant decrease in TSLP release on IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1 treatment. Furthermore, TSLP immunoreactivity was present in ASM bundle from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to lesser degree in normal subjects. Taken together, our data provide the first evidence of IL-1\u03b2- and TNF-\u03b1-induced TSLP expression in HASMC via (p38, p42\/p44) MAPK signaling pathways. Our results raise the possibility that HASMC may play a role in COPD airway inflammation via TSLP-dependent pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00045.2007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,19]],"date-time":"2007-05-19T14:27:13Z","timestamp":1179584833000},"page":"L375-L382","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Constitutive and inducible thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression in human airway smooth muscle cells: role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"293","author":[{"given":"Keqin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianyu","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad 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