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In homeostatic repair, type 2 alveolar epithelial (AT2) cells\u2014the stem cells of the alveolar epithelium\u2014differentiate into type 1 alveolar epithelial (AT1) cells in a timed, proportionate process restoring normal epithelial architecture. When dysregulated, this process can result in pathological remodeling, potentially resulting in disease. Myeloid immune cells are among the first responders to lung injury and remain engaged across the full arc of the repair response, yet their contribution to healthy epithelial repair remains underappreciated. In this mini-review, we evaluate current evidence on the role of myeloid immune cells\u2014mononuclear phagocytes and granulocytes\u2014in nonpathological lung epithelial repair. Macrophages promote epithelial proliferation, migration, and barrier restoration through release of soluble mediators including oncostatin M, trefoil factor family, interleukin-1\u03b2, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, as well as through extracellular vesicle-mediated communication. Neutrophils contribute through \u03b2-catenin signaling, efferocytosis-driven macrophage reprogramming, matrix metalloproteinase-9-dependent remodeling, and direct transfer of microRNA-223 to epithelial cells. Eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils have emerging roles through granule-derived mediators and cross talk with other myeloid cells. Understanding the mechanisms by which myeloid cells promote healthy repair and how dysregulation drives pathological remodeling may uncover therapeutic targets for restoring epithelial function after lung injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00045.2026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T20:52:47Z","timestamp":1789159967000},"page":"L387-L395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/aps-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The role of myeloid immune cells in lung epithelial repair"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"331","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0739-4626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge A.","family":"Masso-Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VA San Diego Healthcare System","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine & Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 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