{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T16:49:42Z","timestamp":1759942182710,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-HL110002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HL110002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-HL062875"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HL062875"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T35-HL07744"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T35-HL07744"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.physiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and exposure to oxygen-rich gas during early postnatal life are contributing factors for long-term pulmonary morbidities faced by survivors of preterm birth and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The duration of IMV that leads to long-term pulmonary morbidities is unknown. We compared two durations of IMV (3\u2009h vs. 6 days) during the first 6\u20137 days of postnatal life in preterm lambs to test the hypothesis that minimizing the duration of IMV will improve long-term respiratory system mechanics and structural outcomes later in life. Moderately preterm (\u223c85% gestation) lambs were supported by IMV for either 3\u2009h or 6 days before weaning from all respiratory support to become former preterm lambs. Respiratory system mechanics and airway reactivity were assessed monthly from 1 to 6\u2009mo of chronological postnatal age by the forced oscillation technique. Quantitative morphological measurements were made for smooth muscle accumulation around terminal bronchioles and indices of alveolar formation. Minimizing IMV to 3\u2009h led to significantly better ( P &lt; 0.05) baseline respiratory system mechanics and less reactivity to methacholine in the first 3\u2009mo of chronological age (2\u2009mo corrected age), significantly less ( P &lt; 0.05) accumulation of smooth muscle around peripheral resistance airways (terminal bronchioles), and significantly better ( P &lt; 0.05) alveolarization at the end of 5\u2009mo corrected age compared with continuous IMV for 6 days. We conclude that limiting the duration of IMV following preterm birth of fetal lambs leads to better respiratory system mechanics and structural outcomes later in life. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00051.2021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T13:06:48Z","timestamp":1621429608000},"page":"L248-L262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/aps-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Early extubation to noninvasive respiratory support of former preterm lambs improves long-term respiratory outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"321","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3808-7995","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mar Janna","family":"Dahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 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