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Date-bred ewes received 15 or 150 \u03bcg recombinant ovine IL-1\u03b1 or IL-1\u03b2 or 10 mg Escherichia coli endotoxin by IA injection at 118 days gestation (term = 150 days), and fetuses were delivered at 125 days. IL-1\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 improved lung function and increased alveolar saturated phosphatidylcholine (Sat PC) and surfactant protein mRNA expression at the higher dose. The maturation response to IL-1\u03b1 was greater than that to IL-1\u03b2, which was similar to endotoxin response. Inflammation was also more pronounced after IL-1\u03b1 treatment. Only endotoxin animals had residual inflammation of the fetal membranes at 7 days. Lung compliance, lung volume, and alveolar Sat PC were positively correlated with residual alveolar wash leukocyte numbers 7 days after IL-1 treatment, suggesting a link between lung inflammation and maturation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00097.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]],"date-time":"2015-03-03T20:16:26Z","timestamp":1425413786000},"page":"L411-L420","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Intra-amniotic injection of IL-1 induces inflammation and maturation in fetal sheep lung"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"282","author":[{"given":"Karen E.","family":"Willet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Sciences, Center for Child Health Research,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boris W.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 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