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Control PASMC were exposed to cyclic stretch at 1 Hz and 15% elongation for 24 h. Stretch-induced Nox4 expression was attenuated by inhibition of mitochondrial complex III and NF-\u03baB, and stretch-induced protein thiol oxidation was attenuated by Nox4 small interfering RNA and complex III inhibition. NF-\u03baB activity was increased by stretch in a complex III-dependent fashion, and stretch-induced cyclin D1 expression was attenuated by complex III inhibition and Nox4 small interfering RNA. This is the first study to show that cyclic stretch increases Nox4 expression via mitochondrial complex III-induced activation of NF-\u03baB in fetal PASMC, resulting in ROS signaling and increased cyclin D1 expression. 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