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There is a progressive increase in bronchoalveolar lavage phospholipid, protein, and macrophage content through 24 wk of age. The macrophages from doubly deficient mice express high levels of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-12 and develop intense but patchy lung inflammation. Stereological analysis demonstrates significant air space enlargement and reduction in alveolar septal tissue per unit volume, consistent with emphysema. These changes qualitatively resemble the lung pathology seen in SP-D-deficient mice. These doubly deficient mice will be useful in dissecting the potential overlap in function between SP-A and SP-D in host defense.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00118.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]],"date-time":"2015-03-03T20:19:27Z","timestamp":1425413967000},"page":"L1002-L1010","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Sequential targeted deficiency of SP-A and -D leads to progressive alveolar lipoproteinosis and emphysema"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"283","author":[{"given":"Samuel","family":"Hawgood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94118-1944; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Ochs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany D37075"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany D37075"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Akiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94118-1944; 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