{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T17:26:07Z","timestamp":1789147567346,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Asthma is a disease of the airways with symptoms including exaggerated airway narrowing and airway inflammation. Early asthma therapies used methylxanthines to relieve symptoms, in part, by inhibiting cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs), the enzyme responsible for degrading cAMP. The classification of tissue-specific PDE subtypes and the clinical introduction of PDE-selective inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (i.e., roflumilast) have reopened the possibility of using PDE inhibition in the treatment of asthma. Quercetin is a naturally derived PDE4-selective inhibitor found in fruits, vegetables, and tea. We hypothesized that quercetin relaxes airway smooth muscle via cAMP-mediated pathways and augments \u03b2-agonist relaxation. Tracheal rings from male A\/J mice were mounted in myographs and contracted with acetylcholine (ACh). Addition of quercetin (100 nM-1 mM) acutely and concentration-dependently relaxed airway rings precontracted with ACh. In separate studies, pretreatment with quercetin (100 \u03bcM) prevented force generation upon exposure to ACh. In additional studies, quercetin (50 \u03bcM) significantly potentiated isoproterenol-induced relaxations. In in vitro assays, quercetin directly attenuated phospholipase C activity, decreased inositol phosphate synthesis, and decreased intracellular calcium responses to G\n                    <jats:sub>q<\/jats:sub>\n                    -coupled agonists (histamine or bradykinin). Finally, nebulization of quercetin (100 \u03bcM) in an in vivo model of airway responsiveness significantly attenuated methacholine-induced increases in airway resistance. These novel data show that the natural PDE4-selective inhibitor quercetin may provide therapeutic relief of asthma symptoms and decrease reliance on short-acting \u03b2-agonists.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00125.2013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,20]],"date-time":"2013-07-20T00:50:17Z","timestamp":1374281417000},"page":"L396-L403","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Quercetin acutely relaxes airway smooth muscle and potentiates \u03b2-agonist-induced relaxation via dual phosphodiesterase inhibition of PLC\u03b2 and PDE4"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"305","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Townsend","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Sr.","given":"Charles W.","family":"Emala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, 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