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Recent studies revealed that H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S administration limited perturbations to lung structure in experimental animal models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), partially restoring alveolarization, limiting pulmonary hypertension, limiting inflammation, and promoting epithelial repair. No studies have addressed roles for endogenous H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S in lung development. H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S is endogenously generated by cystathionine \u03b2-synthase (Cbs) and cystathionine \u03b3-lyase (Cth). We demonstrate here that the expression of Cbs and Cth in mouse lungs is dynamically regulated during lung alveolarization and that alveolarization is blunted in Cbs<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> and Cth<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mouse pups, where a 50% reduction in the total number of alveoli was observed, without any impact on septal thickness. Laser-capture microdissection and immunofluorescence staining indicated that Cbs and Cth were expressed in the airway epithelium and lung vessels. Loss of Cbs and Cth led to a 100\u2013500% increase in the muscularization of small- and medium-sized lung vessels, which was accompanied by increased vessel wall thickness, and an apparent decrease in lung vascular supply. Ablation of Cbs expression using small interfering RNA or pharmacological inhibition of Cth using propargylglycine in lung endothelial cells limited angiogenic capacity, causing a 30\u201340% decrease in tube length and a 50% decrease in number of tubes formed. In contrast, exogenous administration of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S with GYY4137 promoted endothelial tube formation. These data confirm a key role for the H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S-generating enzymes Cbs and Cth in pulmonary vascular development and homeostasis and in lung alveolarization. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00134.2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,31]],"date-time":"2015-07-31T22:39:34Z","timestamp":1438382374000},"page":"L710-L724","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["The H<sub>2<\/sub>S-generating enzymes cystathionine \u03b2-synthase and cystathionine \u03b3-lyase play a role in vascular development during normal lung alveolarization"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"309","author":[{"given":"Alicia","family":"Madurga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany;"},{"name":"Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 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