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At birth, rats were distributed in three groups: (a) animals raised in ambient air for 6\u2009weeks ( n = 10); and animals exposed to 60% hyperoxia for 2\u2009weeks and to room air for additional 4\u2009weeks and treated with (b) IT-administered saline solution ( n = 10), or (c) MSC-EVs ( n = 10) on postnatal days 3, 7, 10, and 21. Hyperoxia exposure produced significant decreases in total number of alveoli, total surface area of alveolar air spaces, and proliferation index, together with increases in mean alveolar volume, mean linear intercept and fibrosis percentage; all these morphometric changes were prevented by MSC-EVs treatment. The medial thickness index for &lt;100\u2009\u00b5m vessels was higher for hyperoxia-exposed\/sham-treated than for normoxia-exposed rats; MSC-EV treatment significantly reduced this index. There were no significant differences in interstitial\/alveolar and perivascular F4\/8-positive and CD86-positive macrophages. 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