{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T04:21:57Z","timestamp":1777263717928,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Nitrite (NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>) has been shown to limit injury to the heart, liver, and kidneys in various models of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Potential protective effects of systemic NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> in limiting lung injury or enhancing repair have not been documented. We assessed the efficacy and mechanisms by which postexposure intraperitoneal injections of NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> mitigate chlorine (Cl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>)-induced lung injury in rats. Rats were exposed to Cl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (400 ppm) for 30 min and returned to room air. NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> (1 mg\/kg) or saline was administered intraperitoneally at 10 min and 2, 4, and 6 h after exposure. Rats were killed at 6 or 24 h. Injury to airway and alveolar epithelia was assessed by quantitative morphology, protein concentrations, number of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and wet-to-dry lung weight ratio. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by measurement of lung F<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-isoprostanes. Rats developed severe, but transient, hypoxemia. A significant increase of protein concentration, neutrophil numbers, airway epithelia in the BAL, and lung wet-to-dry weight ratio was evident at 6 h after Cl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> exposure. Quantitative morphology revealed extensive lung injury in the upper airways. Airway epithelial cells stained positive for terminal deoxynucleotidyl-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), but not caspase-3. Administration of NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> resulted in lower BAL protein levels, significant reduction in the intensity of the TUNEL-positive cells, and normal lung wet-to-dry weight ratios. F<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-isoprostane levels increased at 6 and 24 h after Cl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> exposure in NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>- and saline-injected rats. This is the first demonstration that systemic NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> administration mitigates airway and epithelial injury. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00278.2010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,11]],"date-time":"2010-12-11T03:46:28Z","timestamp":1292039188000},"page":"L362-L369","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Mitigation of chlorine gas lung injury in rats by postexposure administration of sodium nitrite"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"300","author":[{"given":"Amit K.","family":"Yadav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Environmental 1Health Sciences,"},{"name":"Centers for Pulmonary Injury and Repair and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen F.","family":"Doran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology, and"},{"name":"Centers for Pulmonary Injury and Repair and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrey A.","family":"Samal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Schools of Public Health and Medicine, and"},{"name":"Centers for Pulmonary Injury and Repair and"},{"name":"Free Radical Biology and Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruchita","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Pulmonary Injury and Repair and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kokilavani","family":"Vedagiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology, and"},{"name":"Centers for Pulmonary Injury and Repair and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward M.","family":"Postlethwait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Environmental 1Health Sciences,"},{"name":"Centers for Pulmonary Injury and Repair and"},{"name":"Free Radical Biology and Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe L.","family":"Squadrito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Environmental 1Health Sciences,"},{"name":"Centers for Pulmonary Injury and Repair and"},{"name":"Free Radical Biology and Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle V.","family":"Fanucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Environmental 1Health Sciences,"},{"name":"Centers for Pulmonary Injury and Repair and"},{"name":"Free Radical Biology and Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"2nd","given":"L. Jackson","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of 6Medicine and"},{"name":"Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rakesh P.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Schools of Public Health and Medicine, and"},{"name":"Centers for Pulmonary Injury and Repair and"},{"name":"Free Radical Biology and Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sadis","family":"Matalon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Environmental 1Health Sciences,"},{"name":"Anesthesiology, and"},{"name":"Centers for Pulmonary Injury and Repair and"},{"name":"Free Radical Biology and Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.4.2111"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1992.tb03849.x"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"A314","volume":"176","author":"Bell DG","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200207-688OC"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-07-2668"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)01170-X"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2007.05.001"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI22493"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.32.19199"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/34923"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-004-2530-3"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2004.05.002"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2003.11.032"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00407.2006"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.10.6401-6410.2001"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200501-155OC"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2006-0049OC"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000245116.40163.1c"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/143.1.74"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.11.4651"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31892"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.90240.2008"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200201-021OC"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20052026"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)33006-1"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi7008294"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.08.010"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1995.9935"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700200107"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563659809162593"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070198"},{"key":"B32","author":"Song W","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.073981"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00077.2010"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-9-61"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2007.12.006"},{"key":"B37","first-page":"374","volume":"99","author":"Weill H","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.201001-009SM"},{"key":"B39","author":"Zarogiannis SG","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajplung.00278.2010","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]],"date-time":"2019-09-08T23:52:13Z","timestamp":1567986733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajplung.00278.2010"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajplung.00278.2010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplung.00278.2010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-0605","1522-1504"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-0605","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1504","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}}}