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We aimed to characterize changes in lung mechanics during the first inflation at birth and their relationship to changes in lung volume. Intubated preterm lambs (gestational age, 124\u2013127 days; n = 17) were studied at birth. Lung volume changes were measured by electrical impedance tomography (V<jats:sub>L EIT<\/jats:sub>). Respiratory system resistance (R<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>) and oscillatory compliance (C<jats:sub>x5<\/jats:sub>) were monitored with the forced oscillation technique at 5 Hz. Lambs received 3\u20137 s of 8 cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O of continuous distending pressure (CDP) before delivery of a sustained inflation (SI) of 40 cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O. The SI was then applied until either C<jats:sub>x5<\/jats:sub> or the V<jats:sub>L EIT<\/jats:sub> or the airway opening volume was stable. CDP was resumed for 3\u20137 s before commencement of mechanical ventilation. The exponential increases with time of C<jats:sub>x5<\/jats:sub> and V<jats:sub>L EIT<\/jats:sub> from commencement of the SI were characterized by estimating their time constants (\u03c4C<jats:sub>x5<\/jats:sub> and \u03c4V<jats:sub>L EIT<\/jats:sub>, respectively). During SI, a fast decrease in R<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub> and an exponential increase in C<jats:sub>x5<\/jats:sub> and V<jats:sub>L EIT<\/jats:sub> were observed. C<jats:sub>x5<\/jats:sub> and V<jats:sub>L EIT<\/jats:sub> provided comparable information on the dynamics of lung aeration in all lambs, with \u03c4C<jats:sub>x5<\/jats:sub> and \u03c4V<jats:sub>L EIT<\/jats:sub> being highly linearly correlated ( r<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.87, P &lt; 0.001). C<jats:sub>x5<\/jats:sub> and V<jats:sub>L EIT<\/jats:sub> decreased immediately after SI. Despite the standardization of the animal model, changes in C<jats:sub>x5<\/jats:sub> and R<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub> both during and after SI were highly variable. Lung aeration at birth is characterized by a fast reduction in resistance and a slower increase in oscillatory compliance, the latter being a direct reflection of the amount of lung aeration. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00302.2019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T12:45:16Z","timestamp":1578487516000},"page":"L525-L532","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Respiratory mechanics during initial lung aeration at birth in the preterm lamb"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"318","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8607-1728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Veneroni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano University, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1522-4691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David 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Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth J.","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Research, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Dargaville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3672-4591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele L.","family":"Dellac\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano University, Milan, 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