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A rapidly growing number of studies have reported the appearance of distinct populations of microparticles (MPs) in both the vascular and alveolar compartments in animal models of ALI\/ARDS or respective patient populations, where they may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. MPs are small cytosolic vesicles with an intact lipid bilayer that can be released by a variety of vascular, parenchymal, or blood cells and that contain membrane and cytosolic proteins, organelles, lipids, and RNA supplied from and characteristic for their respective parental cells. Owing to this endowment, MPs can effectively interact with other cell types via fusion, receptor-mediated interaction, uptake, or mediator release, thereby acting as intrinsic stimulators, modulators, or even attenuators in a variety of disease processes. This review summarizes current knowledge on the formation and potential functional role of different MPs in inflammatory diseases with a specific focus on ALI\/ARDS. ALI has been associated with the formation of MPs from such diverse cellular origins as platelets, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, red blood cells, and endothelial and epithelial cells. Because of their considerable heterogeneity in terms of origin and functional properties, MPs may contribute via both harmful and beneficial effects to the characteristic pathological features of ALI\/ARDS. A better understanding of the formation, function, and relevance of MPs may give rise to new promising therapeutic strategies to modulate coagulation, inflammation, endothelial function, and permeability either through removal or inhibition of \u201cdetrimental\u201d MPs or through administration or stimulation of \u201cfavorable\u201d MPs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00354.2011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,23]],"date-time":"2012-06-23T01:38:14Z","timestamp":1340415494000},"page":"L364-L381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":133,"title":["Microparticles and acute lung injury"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"303","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"McVey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Keenan Research Centre at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, 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