{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:47:54Z","timestamp":1787017674816,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","funder":[{"name":"Deutsches Zentrum f&#x00FC;r Lungenforschung","award":["EXC2026 390649896"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC2026 390649896"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KFO284237345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFO284237345"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.physiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the pandemic status of COVID-19, there is limited information about host risk factors and treatment beyond supportive care. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) could be a potential treatment target. Our aim was to determine the incidence of IgG deficiency and associated risk factors in a cohort of 62 critically ill patients with COVID-19 admitted to two German ICUs (72.6% male, median age: 61\u2009yr). Thirteen (21.0%) of the patients displayed IgG deficiency (IgG &lt; 7\u2009g\/L) at baseline (predominant for the IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 subclasses). Patients who were IgG-deficient had worse measures of clinical disease severity than those with normal IgG levels (shorter duration from disease onset to ICU admission, lower ratio of [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text], higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, and higher levels of ferritin, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and serum creatinine). Patients who were IgG-deficient were also more likely to have sustained lower levels of lymphocyte counts and higher levels of ferritin throughout the hospital stay. Furthermore, patients who were IgG-deficient compared with those with normal IgG levels displayed higher rates of acute kidney injury (76.9% vs. 26.5%; P = 0.001) and death (46.2% vs. 14.3%; P = 0.012), longer ICU [28 (6\u201348) vs. 12 (3\u201318) days; P = 0.012] and hospital length of stay [30 (22\u201350) vs. 18 (9\u201324) days; P = 0.004]. Univariable logistic regression showed increasing odds of 90-day overall mortality associated with IgG-deficiency (odds ratio 5.14, 95% confidence interval 1.3\u201319.9; P = 0.018). IgG deficiency might be common in patients with COVID-19 who are critically ill, and warrants investigation as both a marker of disease severity as well as a potential therapeutic target.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00359.2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T14:21:35Z","timestamp":1606314095000},"page":"L590-L599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/aps-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Immunoglobulin deficiency as an indicator of disease severity in patients with COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"320","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6742-5052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faeq","family":"Husain-Syed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divison of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical 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