{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T22:40:07Z","timestamp":1790980807689,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is a cytoprotective enzyme with anti-inflammatory properties. HO-1 is induced during a systemic inflammatory response, and expression of HO-1 is beneficial during sepsis of a Gram-positive source. Systemic infection from Gram-positive organisms has emerged as an important cause of sepsis, with Staphylococcus aureus as a common etiology. An important mediator of Gram-positive infections is peptidoglycan (PGN), a cell wall component of these organisms. Here, we demonstrate that HO-1 played an important, protective role in vivo, as mice deficient in HO-1 were very sensitive to the lethal effects of PGN derived from S. aureus. PGN induced HO-1 protein and mRNA levels, and this regulation occurred at the level of gene transcription. The PGN-responsive region of the HO-1 promoter (from \u2212117 to \u221266 bp) contains a functional EBS, and Ets proteins are known to be involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses. We showed previously that Ets factors (activators Ets-2 and Ets-1 and repressor Elk-3) regulate HO-1 expression by Gram-negative endotoxin. However, during exposure to a Gram-positive stimulus in the present study, Elk-1 was a potent activator of HO-1 in conjunction with PGN. The ability of Elk-1 to induce HO-1 promoter activity was independent of direct DNA binding, but rather occurred by interacting with the CCAAT\/enhancer-binding protein-\u03b1 (C\/EBP\u03b1), which binds to DNA. Moreover, silencing of C\/EBP\u03b1 in macrophages prevented induction of HO-1 promoter activity by either Elk-1 or PGN. These data provide further insight into the regulation and function of HO-1 by a mediator of Gram-positive bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00382.2009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,27]],"date-time":"2010-03-27T02:53:48Z","timestamp":1269658428000},"page":"L870-L879","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Regulation of heme oxygenase-1 gene by peptidoglycan involves the interaction of Elk-1 and C\/EBP\u03b1 to increase expression"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"298","author":[{"given":"Chi-Chih","family":"Hung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Young","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Ho","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Wol","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Perrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, and 2Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2005.03.010"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2006-0340TR"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.4.1855"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17667-8"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20271"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90092-6"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1004"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M108678200"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802826"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.1996.271.3.L383"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M409125200"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.4.2414"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI32730"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.22.10359"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/15230860260220067"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.3.521-540.2005"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C200651200"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2121-1-2"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M107057200"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M411161200"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.26.5.4748"},{"key":"B22","unstructured":"Labischinski H , Maidhof H. 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