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Endotoxin (1 mg\/day) or saline was administered via an intra-amniotic osmotic pump from 80 to 108 days of gestational age (continuous pump) or by four weekly 10-mg intra-amniotic endotoxin injections starting at 100 days of gestational age (multiple dose). Lung morphometry, lung inflammation, vascular effects, and lung maturation were measured at delivery. The continuous pump lambs delivered at 100 days (\u223c70% of total endotoxin exposure) had lung inflammation, fewer saccules, and decreased endothelial proteins endothelial nitric oxide synthase and VEGF receptor 2 expression compared with controls. The continuous pump (delivered at 138 days) and multiple dose lambs (delivered at 130 and 145 days) had mild persistent lung inflammation and no significant differences in lung morphometry or expression of endothelial proteins compared with controls. Surfactant saturated phosphatidylcholine pool sizes were increased in all endotoxin-exposed groups, but lung function was not changed relative to controls. Contrary to our hypothesis, a prolonged fetal exposure to intra-amniotic endotoxin caused mild persistent inflammation but did not lead to progressive structural abnormalities in lungs of near-term gestation lambs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00389.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,8]],"date-time":"2005-01-08T01:38:17Z","timestamp":1105148297000},"page":"L966-L974","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Chronic endotoxin exposure does not cause sustained structural abnormalities in the fetal sheep lungs"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"288","author":[{"given":"Suhas G.","family":"Kallapur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilias","family":"Nitsos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J. 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