{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T18:37:52Z","timestamp":1774118272243,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Severe pancreatitis is frequently associated with acute lung injury (ALI) and the respiratory distress syndrome. The role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in mediating the ALI associated with secretagogue-induced experimental pancreatitis was evaluated with GM-CSF knockout mice (GM-CSF \u2212\/\u2212). Pancreatitis was induced by hourly (12\u00d7) intraperitoneal injection of a supramaximally stimulating dose of the cholecystokinin analog caerulein. The resulting pancreatitis was similar in GM-CSF-sufficient (GM-CSF +\/+) control animals and GM-CSF \u2212\/\u2212 mice. Lung injury, quantitated by measuring lung myeloperoxidase activity (an indicator of neutrophil sequestration), alveolar-capillary permeability, and alveolar membrane thickness was less severe in GM-CSF \u2212\/\u2212 than in GM-CSF +\/+ mice. In GM-CSF +\/+ mice, pancreas, lung and serum GM-CSF levels increase during pancreatitis. Lung levels of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 are also increased during pancreatitis, but, in this case, the rise is less profound in GM-CSF \u2212\/\u2212 mice than in GM-CSF +\/+ controls. Administration of anti-MIP-2 antibodies was found to reduce the severity of pancreatitis-associated ALI. Our findings indicate that GM-CSF plays a critical role in coupling pancreatitis to ALI and suggest that GM-CSF may act indirectly by regulating the release of other proinflammatory factors including MIP-2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00413.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]],"date-time":"2015-03-03T20:18:17Z","timestamp":1425413897000},"page":"L541-L548","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["In vivo evidence for the role of GM-CSF as a mediator in acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"283","author":[{"given":"Jean Louis","family":"Frossard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Hospital Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School;"},{"name":"Gastroenterology,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashok K.","family":"Saluja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Hospital 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