{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T07:55:18Z","timestamp":1770969318050,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D) is expressed in alveolar type II and bronchiolar epithelial cells and is secreted into alveoli and conducting airways. However, SP-D has also been measured in serum and is increased in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary fibrosis, and alveolar proteinosis. To demonstrate that SP-D can be measured in rat serum, we instilled rats with keratinocyte growth factor, which produces type II cell hyperplasia and an increase in SP-D in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). To evaluate serum SP-D as a biomarker of lung injury, we examined several injury models. In rats treated with 1 unit of bleomycin, serum SP-D was elevated on days 3, 7, 14, and 28 after instillation, and SP-D mRNA was increased in focal areas as detected by in situ hybridization. However, there was no increase in whole lung SP-D mRNA when the expression was normalized to whole lung 18S rRNA. After instillation of 2 units of bleomycin, the serum levels of SP-D were higher, and SP-D was also increased in BALF and lung homogenates. In another model of subacute injury, serum SP-D was increased in rats treated with paraquat plus oxygen. Finally to evaluate acute lung injury, we instilled rats with HCl; SP-D was increased at 4 h after instillation. Our data indicate that serum SP-D may be a useful indicator of lung injury and type II cell hyperplasia in rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00421.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]],"date-time":"2015-03-03T20:16:38Z","timestamp":1425413798000},"page":"L824-L832","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Serum SP-D is a marker of lung injury in rats"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"282","author":[{"given":"Tianli","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver 80206;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larry D.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver 80206;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin J.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver 80206;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Shannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Shannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moises","family":"Selman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Respiratory Disease, Mexico City DF14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert. 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