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Intrapleural injection of an adenovirus expressing human FGF9 (AdFGF9) or a control adenovirus (AdCont) was performed. Mice were euthanized at days 3, 5, and 14. Expression of FGF9 and markers of inflammation and myofibroblastic differentiation was studied by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, rat mesothelial cells were stimulated with FGF9 (20 ng\/ml), and we assessed its effect on proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation. FGF9 was expressed by mesothelial cells in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. FGF receptors, mainly FGFR3, were expressed by mesothelial cells in vivo in humans and mice. AdCont instillation induced diffuse pleural thickening appearing at day 5, maximal at day 14. The altered pleura cells strongly expressed \u03b1-smooth muscle actin and collagen. AdFGF9 injection induced maximal FGF9 expression at day 5 that lasted until day 14. FGF9 overexpression prevented pleural thickening, collagen and fibronectin accumulation, and myofibroblastic differentiation of mesothelial cells. In vitro, FGF9 decreased mesothelial cell migration and inhibited the differentiating effect of transforming growth factor-\u03b21. We conclude that FGF9 has a potential antifibrotic effect on mesothelial cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00508.2016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,21]],"date-time":"2017-07-21T00:25:32Z","timestamp":1500596732000},"page":"L781-L795","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["FGF9 prevents pleural fibrosis induced by intrapleural adenovirus injection in mice"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"313","author":[{"given":"Aur\u00e9lien","family":"Justet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale U1152, Paris, France;"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France;"},{"name":"Labex Inflamex, Paris, France;"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France;"},{"name":"Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, H\u00f4pital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, Paris, 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