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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA \u03c9-3) can improve vascular remodeling, angiogenesis, and inflammation under pathophysiological conditions. However, the effects of PUFA \u03c9-3 supplementation in BPD-associated PH are unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of PUFA \u03c9-3 on pulmonary vascular remodeling, angiogenesis, and inflammatory response in a hyperoxia-induced rat model of PH. From embryonic day 15, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were supplemented daily with PUFA \u03c9-3, PUFA \u03c9-6, or normal saline (0.2 ml\/day). After birth, pups were pooled, assigned as 12 per litter, randomly assigned to either air or continuous oxygen exposure (fraction of inspired oxygen = 85%) for 20 days, and then euthanized for pulmonary hemodynamic and morphometric analysis. We found that PUFA \u03c9-3 supplementation improved survival, decreased right ventricular systolic pressure and RVH caused by hyperoxia, and significantly improved alveolarization, vascular remodeling, and vascular density. PUFA \u03c9-3 supplementation produced a higher level of total \u03c9-3 in lung tissue and breast milk and was found to reverse the reduced levels of VEGFA, VEGF receptor 2, angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1), endothelial TEK tyrosine kinase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and nitric oxide concentrations in lung tissue and the increased ANGPT2 levels in hyperoxia-exposed rats. The beneficial effects of PUFA \u03c9-3 in improving lung injuries were also associated with an inhibition of leukocyte infiltration and reduced expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and TNF-\u03b1. These data indicate that maternal PUFA \u03c9-3 supplementation strategies could effectively protect against infant PH induced by hyperoxia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00527.2017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,29]],"date-time":"2018-03-29T09:09:12Z","timestamp":1522314552000},"page":"L116-L132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Maternal omega-3 PUFA supplementation prevents hyperoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in the offspring"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"315","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5248-4719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal Environment and Health, UPRES EA 4489, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, Centre Hospitalier R\u00e9gional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 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