{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T07:04:21Z","timestamp":1791097461466,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Studies of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) suggest an important role for the surfactant system in the pathogenesis of the hypoxemic respiratory insufficiency associated with this infection. We hypothesized that PCP induces selective alterations in alveolar surfactant component expression and resultant biophysical properties. PCP was induced by intratracheal inoculation of 2 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>P. carinii organisms into C.B-17 scid\/ scid mice. Six weeks after inoculation, large (LA)- and small (SA)-aggregate surfactant fractions were prepared from bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and analyzed for expression of surfactant components and for biophysical activity. Total phospholipid content was significantly reduced in LA surfactant fractions from mice infected with PCP (53 \u00b1 15% of uninfected mice; P &lt; 0.05). Quantitation of hydrophobic surfactant protein (SP) content demonstrated significant reductions of alveolar SP-B and SP-C protein levels in mice with PCP compared with those in uninfected mice (46 \u00b1 7 and 19 \u00b1 6%, respectively; P &lt; 0.05 for both). The reductions in phospholipid, SP-B, and SP-C in LA fractions measured during PCP were associated with an increase in the minimum surface tension of LAs as measured by pulsating bubble surfactometer (13.1 \u00b1 1.1 vs. 5.4 \u00b1 1.8 mN\/m; P &lt; 0.05). In contrast to decreases in the hydrophobic SPs, SP-D content in the SA fraction was markedly increased (343 \u00b1 30% of control value; P &lt; 0.05) and SP-A levels in LA surfactant were maintained (93 \u00b1 26% of control value) during P. carinii infection. In all cases, the changes in SP content were reflected by commensurate changes in the levels of mRNA. We conclude that PCP induces selective alterations in surfactant component expression, including profound decreases in hydrophobic protein contents and resultant increases in surface tension. These changes, demonstrated in an immunologically relevant animal model, suggest that alterations in surfactant could contribute to the hypoxemic respiratory insufficiency observed in PCP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.2000.278.3.l599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,24]],"date-time":"2017-12-24T00:15:16Z","timestamp":1514074516000},"page":"L599-L609","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["<i>P. carinii<\/i>induces selective alterations in component expression and biophysical activity of lung surfactant"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"278","author":[{"given":"Elena N.","family":"Atochina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6061; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael F.","family":"Beers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6061; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth T.","family":"Scanlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6061; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela M.","family":"Preston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0360"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0360"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-10-2-165"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb\/2.2.137"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.96.6.1046","volume":"96","author":"Ballard P. L.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/17.17.7115"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)70226-3","volume":"234","author":"Bartlett G. R.","year":"1959","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3859","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.11.3859-3862.1991","volume":"59","author":"Beck J. M.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4643","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.64.11.4643-4647.1996","volume":"64","author":"Beck J. M.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(96)90044-X"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(99)90019-7"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.1992.262.6.L773"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20318","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)31994-4","volume":"269","author":"Beers M. F.","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199511000-00007"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/o59-099"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.20.11869"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90021-2"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.16.1.8998078"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.19.2.140"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.1999.0581"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1977.43.2.198"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4838(89)90040-X"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115523"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.1.9612005"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.1.8542113"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.1.9712061"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(98)80025-9"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.2.8756826"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.102.6.1730"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515252"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.18.9594"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.43.28438"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.33.20764"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114000"},{"key":"B35","first-page":"416","volume":"126","author":"Limper A. H.","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119384"},{"key":"B37","first-page":"98S","volume":"41","author":"Limper A. H.","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Eukaryot. Microbiol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01708109"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb\/8.4.356"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.1998.275.1.L1"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.111.6_Supplement.129S-a"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/143.5_Pt_1.1072"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09030565"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.1996.270.5.L714"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.1998.274.2.L289"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1994.1040"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000244432"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199109000-00007"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.8.12.8088461"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.2.8306026"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.1.360","volume":"161","author":"Rudmann D. G.","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114621"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01701485"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199709000-00017"},{"key":"B55","first-page":"462","volume":"125","author":"Sternberg R. I.","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.45.1.261"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(96)90094-3"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(99)90182-8"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2950141"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.1993.264.5.L431"},{"key":"B61","first-page":"251","volume":"69","author":"Walzer P. D.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(96)90089-X"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.14.3.8845173"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1997.77.4.931"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.5.1665"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115554"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajplung.2000.278.3.L599","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T05:51:47Z","timestamp":1693374707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajplung.2000.278.3.L599"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajplung.2000.278.3.L599"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplung.2000.278.3.l599","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-0605","1522-1504"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-0605","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1504","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]]}}}