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At 5\u201315 h after endotoxin, amnion\/chorion cytokine mRNAs increased [12- to 26-fold for interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA and 3-fold for tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 mRNA]. At 1\u20132 days after endotoxin, lung cytokine mRNAs increased 6- to 49-fold. Endotoxin caused modest changes in peripheral white blood cell counts and no significant cytokine mRNA responses in fetal liver, placenta, or jejunum. Lung maturation, as characterized by increased lung volumes and alveolar saturated phosphatidylcholine, occurred at 7 days and persisted for 25 days after endotoxin. We conclude that exposure to a single dose of intra-amniotic endotoxin causes inflammation and increases in cytokine mRNA in amnion\/chorion and the fetal lung before lung maturation, consistent with the hypothesis that proinflammatory cytokines signal lung maturation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.2001.280.3.l527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,23]],"date-time":"2017-12-23T20:01:25Z","timestamp":1514059285000},"page":"L527-L536","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":146,"title":["Intra-amniotic endotoxin: chorioamnionitis precedes lung maturation in preterm lambs"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"280","author":[{"given":"Suhas G.","family":"Kallapur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen E.","family":"Willet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TVW Telethon 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