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More recently, M. pneumoniae has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. Epithelial cells play an important role in recruiting inflammatory cells into the airways. Since M. pneumoniae infection of human epithelial cells induces expression of IL-8\u2014a potent activator of neutrophils\u2014we investigated the signaling and transcriptional mechanisms by which mycoplasma membrane induces expression of this chemokine. In BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells, mycoplasma membrane fraction (MMF) increased IL-8 mRNA and protein production. Activation of the transcriptional elements activating protein-1, nuclear factor-interleukin-6, and particularly NF-\u03baB are essential for optimal IL-8 production by MMF. The mitogen-activated protein kinases individually played a modest role in MMF-induced IL-8 production. Toll-like receptor-2 did not play a significant role in MMF-induction of IL-8. Antibiotics with microbicidal activity against M. pneumoniae are also known to have anti-inflammatory effects. Whereas clarithromycin, azithromycin, and moxifloxacin individually were able to inhibit TNF-\u03b1-induction of IL-8, each failed to inhibit MMF-induction of IL-8.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.90204.2008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,17]],"date-time":"2008-05-17T00:53:52Z","timestamp":1210985632000},"page":"L220-L230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Induction of IL-8 by<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/i>membrane in BEAS-2B cells"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"295","author":[{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Chmura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiyuan","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pitchaimani","family":"Kandasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mischa","family":"McGibney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Kuronuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Mitsuzawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis R.","family":"Voelker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward D.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.22.1.3400"},{"key":"R1A","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1208424"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2002.00374.x"},{"key":"R3","unstructured":"Baum SG.Mycoplasma Pneumoniae and Atypical Pneumonia.New York: Churchill Livingstone, 2000."},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050580"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-004-0058-5"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02113584"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2006.03.002"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1188"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.4.2001-2010.2001"},{"key":"R10","unstructured":"Chan ED, Welsh CH.FulminantMycoplasma pneumoniaepneumonia.West J Med162: 133\u2013142, 1995."},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.24.13169"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M201089200"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.9.5713"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2004-0197OC"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(76)91138-4"},{"key":"R16","unstructured":"Gil JC, Cedillo RL, Mayagoitia BG, Paz MD.Isolation ofMycoplasma pneumoniaefrom asthmatic patients.Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol70: 23\u201325, 1993."},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.2_suppl.52S"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.6.3869-3876.2001"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.5.1614-1620.2003"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-7961-2-4"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.1.44-47.2001"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iizasa H, Matsushima KIL8.Cytokine Reference, vol. 1,Ligands, edited by Oppenheim JJ and Feldmann M. 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