{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:01:29Z","timestamp":1791248489012,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a syndrome characterized by pulmonary neutrophil infiltration, chronic inflammation, and progressive tissue destruction. We examined here the acute effect of aqueous cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and of two \u03b1,\u03b2-unsaturated aldehydes (acrolein and crotonaldehyde) contained in CSE in cultured normal human lung fibroblasts and small airway epithelial cells. By examining a panel of 19 cytokines and chemokines, we found that IL-8 release was elevated by CSE as well as by acrolein, whereas other inflammatory mediators were mostly unaffected. CSE-evoked IL-8 release was mimicked by acrolein and crotonaldehyde at concentrations (3\u201360 \u03bcM each) found in CSE and fully prevented by 1 mM \u03b1,\u03b2-unsaturated aldehydes scavengers N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate. Neither the saturated aldehyde acetaldehyde nor H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>evoked IL-8 release. In addition, CSE or crotonaldehyde upregulated the release of IL-8 from alveolar macrophages from both COPD patients and healthy nonsmokers, indicating that this is a response common to cells involved in lung inflammation. CSE-evoked IL-8 release was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1\/2. CSE-evoked p38 and ERK1\/2 phosphorylation was mimicked by acrolein and inhibited by NAC. IL-8 release elicited by both acrolein and CSE was blocked by pharmacological inhibition of p38 and ERK1\/2 phosphorylation. In summary, our data show that \u03b1,\u03b2-unsaturated aldehydes-evoked phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1\/2 underlies IL-8 release elicited by CSE, thus shedding light on the mechanisms through which cigarette smoke can initiate inflammation in the lung.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.90570.2008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,14]],"date-time":"2009-03-14T01:41:27Z","timestamp":1236994887000},"page":"L839-L848","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["\u03b1,\u03b2-Unsaturated aldehydes contained in cigarette smoke elicit IL-8 release in pulmonary cells through mitogen-activated protein 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