{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T12:58:21Z","timestamp":1790513901648,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We previously determined that ghrelin synthesis was downregulated after burn injury and that exogenous ghrelin retained its ability both to stimulate food intake and to restore plasma growth hormone levels in burned rats. These observations and the finding that anabolic hormones can attenuate skeletal muscle catabolism led us to investigate whether ghrelin could attenuate burn-induced skeletal muscle protein breakdown in rats. These studies were performed in young rats (50\u201360 g) 24 h after \u223c30% total body surface area burn injury. Burn injury increased total and myofibrillar protein breakdown in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles assessed by in vitro tyrosine and 3-methyl-histidine release, respectively. Continuous 24-h administration of ghrelin (0.2 mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) significantly inhibited both total and myofibrillar protein breakdown in burned rats. Ghrelin significantly attenuated burn-induced changes in mRNA expression of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 in liver. In EDL, ghrelin attenuated the increases in mRNA expression of the binding proteins, but had no significant effect on reduced expression of IGF-I. Ghrelin markedly reduced the elevated mRNA expression of TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 in EDL muscle that occurred after burn. Moreover, ghrelin normalized plasma glucocorticoid levels, which were elevated after burn. Expression of the muscle-specific ubiquitin-ligating enzyme (E3) ubiquitin ligases MuRF1 and MAFbx were markedly elevated in both EDL and gastrocnemius and were normalized by ghrelin. These results suggest that ghrelin is a powerful anticatabolic compound that reduces skeletal muscle protein breakdown through attenuating multiple burn-induced abnormalities. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00015.2008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,12]],"date-time":"2009-02-12T02:28:57Z","timestamp":1234405737000},"page":"R893-R901","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Ghrelin inhibits skeletal muscle protein breakdown in rats with thermal injury through normalizing elevated expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases MuRF1 and MAFbx"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"296","author":[{"given":"Ambikaipakan","family":"Balasubramaniam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashika","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunhua","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lou Ann","family":"Friend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sulaiman","family":"Sheriff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Kagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Howard","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e3280fa8208"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(01)00717-0"},{"key":"R3","unstructured":"Balasubramaniam A, Joshi R, Su C, Gangadhar BP, Friend LA, James JH. Exogenous ghrelin restores body weight in mice with thermal injury (Abstract). J Burn Care Rehabil 26, Suppl: S108, 2005."},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2006.02.005"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021940"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199210000-00009"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1999.276.4.E611"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199405000-00004"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00085.2006"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200421134"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1996.270.3.R621"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fang CH, Li BG, Tiao G, Wang JJ, Fischer JE, Hasselgren PO. The molecular regulation of protein breakdown following burn injury is different in fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscle. Int J Mol Med 1: 163\u2013169, 1998.","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.1.1.163"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1998.275.4.R1091"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000223120.26394.7d"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.9.6998"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mco.0000165003.16578.2d"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00560.2003"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(96)00064-2"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4914(03)00138-2"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00308.2007"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.06931"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00196.2004"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00109.2005"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)03028-0"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2000.108059"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006916206260"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(89)90100-5"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199905000-00014"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BCR.0000144532.02792.6E"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00579.2003"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/89.11.813"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000161028.43338.cd"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.1999.5623"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.21060"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joshi R, Su C, Gangadhar BP, Friend LA, James JH, Balasubramaniam A. Ghrelin normalizes burn-induced increase in the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases, MuRF1 and MAFbx, in rat skeletal muscles (Abstract). J Burn Care Rehabil 27, Suppl: S164, 2006.","DOI":"10.1097\/01253092-200603001-00231"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.11.2438"},{"key":"R37","unstructured":"Kataranovski M, Magic Z, Pejnovic N. Early inflammatory cytokine and acute phase protein response under the stress of thermal injury in rats. Physiol Res 48: 473\u2013482, 1999."},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/45230"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2004.03.002"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00561.2006"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2000.278.6.E1087"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00319.2001"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.00-0849fje"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.00-0463"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000127956.43874.F2"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-2364com"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-005-0179-0"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02067107"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(90)90226-X"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199612000-00011"},{"key":"R51","unstructured":"Mladenov MI, Hristov KL, Duridanova DB. Ghrelin suppression of potassium currents in smooth muscle cells of human mesenteric artery. Gen Physiol Biophys 25: 333\u2013338, 2006."},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4201.097836"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc3601.095575"},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031768"},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2005.05.009"},{"key":"R56","unstructured":"Rajaram S, Baylink DJ, Mohan S. Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins in serum and other biological fluids: regulation and functions. Endocr Rev 18: 801\u2013831, 1997."},{"key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118982"},{"key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014860719902300604"},{"key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00073.2004"},{"key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0213300"},{"key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220268"},{"key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35038090"},{"key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197410000-00031"},{"key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(02)00341-2"},{"key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.11.2540"},{"key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu R, Zhou M, Cui X, Simms HH, Wang P. Ghrelin clearance is reduced at the late stage of polymicrobial sepsis. Int J Mol Med 12: 777\u2013781, 2003.","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.12.5.777"},{"key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000107549"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00015.2008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]],"date-time":"2019-09-08T17:05:25Z","timestamp":1567962325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00015.2008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajpregu.00015.2008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00015.2008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-6119","1522-1490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-6119","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}}}