{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T16:53:39Z","timestamp":1782924819390,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Signaling through the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) has been well defined as an androgen-sensitive transducer mediating skeletal muscle growth in vitro; however, this has yet to be tested in vivo. As such, male mice were subjected to either sham or castration surgery and allowed to recover for 7 wk to induce atrophy of skeletal muscle. Then, castrated mice were implanted with either a control pellet or a pellet that administered rapamycin (~2.5 mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). Seven days postimplant, a subset of castrated mice with control pellets and all castrated mice with rapamycin pellets were given once weekly injections of nandrolone decanoate (ND) to induce muscle growth over a six-week period. Effective blockade of mTORC1 by rapamycin was noted in the skeletal muscle by the inability of insulin to induce phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 kinase 1 70 kDa (Thr389) and uncoordinated-like kinase 1 (Ser<jats:sup>757<\/jats:sup>). While castration reduced tibialis anterior (TA) mass, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, and total protein content, ND administration restored these measures to sham levels in a rapamycin-insensitive manner. Similar findings were also observed in the plantaris and soleus, suggesting this rapamycin-insensitive effect was not specific to the TA or fiber type. Androgen-mediated growth was not due to changes in translational capacity. Despite these findings in the limb skeletal muscle, rapamycin completely prevented the ND-mediated growth of the heart. In all, these data indicate that mTORC1 has a limited role in the androgen-mediated growth of the limb skeletal muscle; however, mTORC1 was necessary for androgen-mediated growth of heart muscle. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00029.2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,13]],"date-time":"2018-06-13T15:34:46Z","timestamp":1528904086000},"page":"R721-R729","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Androgens induce growth of the limb skeletal muscles in a rapamycin-insensitive manner"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"315","author":[{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Rossetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, 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