{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:26:36Z","timestamp":1790882796317,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund (FWF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P14515-MED"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P14515-MED"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Early reexamination of carbohydrate metabolism via an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is recommended after pregnancy with gestational diabetes (GDM). In this report, we aimed to assess the dominant patterns of dynamic OGTT measurements and subsequently explain them by meanings of the underlying pathophysiological processes. Principal components analysis (PCA), a statistical procedure that aims to reduce the dimensionality of multiple interrelated measures to a set of linearly uncorrelated variables (the principal components) was performed on OGTT data of glucose, insulin and C-peptide in addition to age and body mass index (BMI) of 151 women ( n = 110 females after GDM and n = 41 controls) at 3\u20136 mo after delivery. These components were explained by frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT) parameters. Moreover, their relation with the later development of overt diabetes was studied. Three principal components (PC) were identified, which explained 71.5% of the variation of the original 17 variables. PC1 (explained 47.1%) was closely related to postprandial OGTT levels and FSIGT-derived insulin sensitivity ( r = 0.68), indicating that it mirrors insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle. PC2 (explained 17.3%) and PC3 (explained 7.1%) were shown to be associated with \u03b2-cell failure and fasting (i.e., hepatic) insulin resistance, respectively. All three components were related with diabetes progression (occurred in n = 25 females after GDM) and showed significant changes in long-term trajectories. A high amount of the postpartum OGTT data is explained by principal components, representing pathophysiological mechanisms on the pathway of impaired carbohydrate metabolism. Our results improve our understanding of the underlying biological processes to provide an accurate postgestational risk stratification. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00059.2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,29]],"date-time":"2015-04-29T23:11:38Z","timestamp":1430349098000},"page":"R13-R21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["To explain the variation of OGTT dynamics by biological mechanisms: a novel approach based on principal components analysis in women with history of GDM"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"309","author":[{"given":"Christian S.","family":"G\u00f6bl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Feto-Maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Unit of Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Latife","family":"Bozkurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Unit of Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Mittlb\u00f6ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Section for Clinical Biometrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Leutner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Unit of Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajashri","family":"Yarragudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Unit of Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Tura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Unit, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Research Council, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Pacini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Unit, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Research Council, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Kautzky-Willer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Unit of Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/476279"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc05-2179"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-S014"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2011.01.002"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"jc20144055","volume":"9","author":"Bozkurt L","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.1.61"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0246"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-S302"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.34.6.580"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00461.2012"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-014-0574-2"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318220e18f"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.10.3120"},{"key":"B14","volume-title":"The Elements of Statistical Learning. 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