{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T02:36:21Z","timestamp":1793414181344,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association (AHA)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11PRE7390038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11PRE7390038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005384","name":"American Physiological Society (APS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UGSRF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UGSRF"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005384","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"HHS | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR00042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR00042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> In healthy young women, basal cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity may change across the menstrual cycle, but mechanisms remain untested. When compared with the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, we hypothesized women in late follicular phase would exhibit: 1) greater basal CBF, 2) greater hypercapnic increases in CBF, 3) greater hypoxic increases in CBF, and 4) increased cyclooxygenase (COX) signaling. We measured middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv, transcranial Doppler ultrasound) in 11 healthy women (23 \u00b1 1 yr) during rest, hypoxia, and hypercapnia. Subjects completed four visits: two during the early follicular (\u223c day 3) and two during the late follicular (\u223c day 14) phases of the menstrual cycle, with and without COX inhibition (oral indomethacin). Isocapnic hypoxia elicited an S<jats:sub>P<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> = 90% and S<jats:sub>P<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> = 80% for 5 min each. Separately, hypercapnia increased end-tidal CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> 10 mmHg above baseline. Cerebral vascular conductance index (CVCi = MCAv\/MABP\u00b7100, where MABP is mean arterial blood pressure) was calculated and a positive change reflected vasodilation (\u0394CVCi). Basal CVCi was greater in the late follicular phase ( P &lt; 0.001). Indomethacin decreased basal CVCi (\u223c37%) and abolished the phase difference ( P &lt; 0.001). Hypoxic \u0394CVCi was similar between phases and unaffected by indomethacin. Hypercapnic \u0394CVCi was similar between phases, and indomethacin decreased hypercapnic \u0394CVCi (\u223c68%; P &lt; 0.001) similarly between phases. In summary, while neither hypercapnic nor hypoxic vasodilation is altered by menstrual phase, increased basal CBF in the late follicular phase is fully explained by a greater contribution of COX. These data provide new mechanistic insight into anterior CBF regulation across menstrual phases and contribute to our understanding of CBF regulation in women. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00106.2016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,25]],"date-time":"2016-05-25T23:54:41Z","timestamp":1464220481000},"page":"R222-R231","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Cerebral blood flow regulation in women across menstrual phase: differential contribution of cyclooxygenase to basal, hypoxic, and hypercapnic vascular tone"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"311","author":[{"given":"Garrett L.","family":"Peltonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Harrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department 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