{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T07:50:18Z","timestamp":1790495418556,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Elastase intratracheal instillation induces early emphysema in rodents. However, Syrian Golden hamsters develop more severe emphysema than Sprague-Dawley rats. We have reported species differences in oxidant\/antioxidant balance modulating antiprotease function early after instillation. We now hypothesize that other components of the initial lung response to elastase might also be species-dependent. Sprague-Dawley rats and Syrian Golden hamsters received a single dose of pancreatic elastase (0.55 U\/100 g body wt) to study acute lung injury biomarkers. Using serum, lung, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples, we evaluated changes in alveolar-capillary permeability, alpha 1-antitrypsin (\u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AT) concentration and activity, glutathione content, and proinflammatory cytokines. Rats showed a large increase in alveolar-capillary permeability and few hemorrhagic changes, whereas hamsters exhibited large hemorrhagic changes ( P &lt; 0.01) and mild transendothelial passage of proteins. Western blots showed a 30-fold increase in BALF \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AT concentration in rats and only a 7-fold increase in hamsters ( P &lt; 0.001), with [\u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AT-elastase] complexes only in rats, suggesting differences in antiprotease function. This was confirmed by the \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AT bioassay showing 20-fold increase in \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AT activity in rats and only twofold increase in hamsters ( P &lt; 0.001). In rats, results were preceded by a 3-, 60-, and 20-fold increase in IL-6, IL-1\u03b2, and TNF-\u03b1 respectively ( P &lt; 0.001). In hamsters, only IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1 showed mild increases. All parameters studied were back to baseline by 4 days. In conclusion, several components of the initial lung response showed species differences. Cytokine release pattern and functional inhibition of \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AT were the most significant components differing among species and could account for differences in susceptibility to elastase. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00133.2011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,13]],"date-time":"2011-04-13T23:17:55Z","timestamp":1302736675000},"page":"R148-R158","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Differences in acute lung response to elastase instillation in two rodent species may determine differences in severity of emphysema development"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"301","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Vecchiola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Diseases, Medical Research Center and Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan 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