{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:04:52Z","timestamp":1790787892002,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000857","name":"Loughborough University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PhD studentship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PhD studentship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000857","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.physiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Skin wetness sensing is important for thermal stress resilience. Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) present greater vulnerability to thermal stress; yet, it is unclear whether they present wetness-sensing abnormalities. We investigated the effects of MS on wetness sensing and their modulation with changes in mean skin temperature (T<jats:sub>sk<\/jats:sub>). Twelve participants with MS [5 males (M)\/7 females (F); 48.3\u2009\u00b1\u200910.8 yr; Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) range: 1\u20137] and 11 healthy controls (4 M\/7 F; 47.5\u2009\u00b1\u200911.3 yr) undertook three trials, during which they performed a quantitative sensory test with either a thermoneutral (30.9\u00b0C), warm (34.8\u00b0C), or cold (26.5\u00b0C) mean T<jats:sub>sk<\/jats:sub>. Participants reported on visual analog scales local wetness perceptions arising from the static and dynamic application of a cold-, neutral-, and warm-wet probe (1.32 cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; water content: 0.8 mL), to the index finger pad, forearm, and forehead. Data were analyzed for the group-level effect of MS, as well as for its individual variability. Our results indicated that MS did not alter skin wetness sensitivity at a group level, across the skin sites and temperature tested, neither under normothermia nor under conditions of shifted thermal state. However, when taking an individualized approach to profiling wetness-sensing abnormalities in MS, we found that 3 of the 12 participants with MS (i.e., 25% of the sample) presented a reduced wetness sensitivity on multiple skin sites and to different wet stimuli (i.e., cold, neutral, and warm wet). We conclude that some individuals with MS may possess reduced wetness sensitivity; however, this sensory symptom may vary greatly at an individual level. Larger-scale studies are warranted to characterize the mechanisms underlying such individual variability. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00149.2022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T11:26:07Z","timestamp":1661772367000},"page":"R648-R660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/aps-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Regional skin wetness perception and its modulation by warm and cold whole body skin temperatures in people with multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"323","author":[{"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Christogianni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thermosenselab, School of Design and Creative Arts, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United 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