{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T04:18:10Z","timestamp":1775189890382,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"HHS | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 HD065647-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 HD065647-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008276","name":"University of Florida College of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"HHS | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR001427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001427"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007698","name":"University of Florida","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J. Robert and Mary Cade Professorship of Physiology (KPC)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J. Robert and Mary Cade Professorship of Physiology (KPC)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007698","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.physiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We evaluated maternal pregnancy adaptations and their relationships with circulating hormones in women who conceived with or without in vitro fertilization (IVF). Pregnancies were grouped by corpus luteum (CL) number: 1 CL with physiological plasma relaxin concentration (P<jats:sub>RLN<\/jats:sub>; spontaneous pregnancies); 0 CL without circulating RLN (programmed cycles); &gt;1 CL with elevated P<jats:sub>RLN<\/jats:sub> (ovarian stimulation). Major findings were that declines in plasma osmolality (P<jats:sub>osm<\/jats:sub>) and plasma sodium concentration ([Formula: see text]) were comparable in the 1 CL and 0 CL cohorts, correlated with plasma estradiol and progesterone concentrations but not P<jats:sub>RLN<\/jats:sub>; gestational declines in plasma uric acid (UA) concentration (P<jats:sub>UA<\/jats:sub>) were attenuated after IVF, especially programmed cycles, partly because of subdued increases of renal UA clearance; and P<jats:sub>RLN<\/jats:sub> and cardiac output (CO) were inversely correlated when plasma estradiol concentration was below \u223c2.5 ng\/mL but positively correlated above \u223c2.5 ng\/mL. Unexpectedly, P<jats:sub>RLN<\/jats:sub> and plasma sFLT1 (P<jats:sub>sFLT1<\/jats:sub>) were directly correlated. Although P<jats:sub>sFLT1<\/jats:sub> and CO were not significantly associated, CO was positively correlated with plasma placental growth factor (PLGF) concentration after the first trimester, particularly in women who conceived with 0 CL. Major conclusions are that 1) circulating RLN was unnecessary for gestational falls in P<jats:sub>osm<\/jats:sub> and [Formula: see text]; 2) P<jats:sub>RLN<\/jats:sub> and CO were inversely correlated during early gestation, suggesting that P<jats:sub>RLN<\/jats:sub> in the lower range may have contributed to systemic vasodilation, whereas at higher P<jats:sub>RLN<\/jats:sub> RLN influence became self-limiting; 3) evidence for cooperativity between RLN and estradiol on gestational changes in CO was observed; and 4) after the first trimester in women who conceived without a CL, plasma PLGF concentration was associated with recovery of CO, which was impaired during the first trimester in this cohort. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00174.2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T15:51:02Z","timestamp":1628092262000},"page":"R454-R468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/aps-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Relationships between reproductive hormones and maternal pregnancy physiology in women conceiving with or without in vitro fertilization"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"321","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4748-5765","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kirk P.","family":"Conrad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics and D.H. 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