{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T18:29:19Z","timestamp":1780511359879,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007911","name":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007911","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1754994"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1754994"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.physiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    White seabass ( Atractoscion nobilis) increasingly experience periods of low oxygen (O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ; hypoxia) and high carbon dioxide (CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , hypercapnia) due to climate change and eutrophication of the coastal waters of California. Hemoglobin (Hb) is the principal O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    carrier in the blood and in many teleost fishes Hb-O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    binding is compromised at low pH; however, the red blood cells (RBC) of some species regulate intracellular pH with adrenergically stimulated sodium-proton-exchangers (\u03b2-NHEs). We hypothesized that RBC \u03b2-NHEs in white seabass are an important mechanism that can protect the blood O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -carrying capacity during hypoxia and hypercapnia. We determined the O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -binding characteristics of white seabass blood, the cellular and subcellular response of RBCs to adrenergic stimulation, and quantified the protective effect of \u03b2-NHE activity on Hb-O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    saturation. White seabass had typical teleost Hb characteristics, with a moderate O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    affinity (Po\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    at half-saturation; P\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    2.9 kPa) that was highly pH-sensitive (Bohr coefficient \u22120.92; Root effect 52%). Novel findings from super-resolution microscopy revealed \u03b2-NHE protein in vesicle-like structures and its translocation into the membrane after adrenergic stimulation. Microscopy data were corroborated by molecular and phylogenetic results and a functional characterization of \u03b2-NHE activity. The activation of RBC \u03b2-NHEs increased Hb-O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    saturation by \u223c8% in normoxic hypercapnia and by up to \u223c20% in hypoxic normocapnia. Our results provide novel insight into the cellular mechanism of adrenergic RBC stimulation within an ecologically relevant context. \u03b2-NHE activity in white seabass has great potential to protect arterial O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    transport during hypoxia and hypercapnia but is less effective during combinations of these stressors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00175.2021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T08:00:35Z","timestamp":1631088035000},"page":"R655-R671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/aps-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Adrenergically induced translocation of red blood cell \u03b2-adrenergic sodium-proton exchangers has ecological relevance for hypoxic and hypercapnic white seabass"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"321","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1712-1370","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Till S.","family":"Harter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2836-5832","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander M.","family":"Clifford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7090-9266","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martin","family":"Tresguerres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-9-3917-2012"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108s1133"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1156401"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2005.00871.x"},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"Clements SC, Takeshita Y, Dickson A, Martz T, Smith JE. 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