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In this study, we examined the possibility that there are \u201ccommand neurons\u201d within the colliculi that can simultaneously drive sympathetic and respiratory outputs. In anesthetized rats, microinjections of bicuculline (a GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>receptor antagonist) into sites within a circumscribed region in the deep layers of the superior colliculus and in the central and external nuclei of the inferior colliculus evoked a response characterized by intense and highly synchronized bursts of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and phrenic nerve activity (PNA). Each burst of RSNA had a duration of \u223c300\u2013400 ms and occurred slightly later (peak to peak latency of 41 \u00b1 8 ms) than the corresponding burst of PNA. The bursts of RSNA and PNA were also accompanied by transient increases in arterial pressure and, in most cases, heart rate. Synchronized bursts of RSNA and PNA were also evoked after neuromuscular blockade, artificial ventilation, and vagotomy and so were not dependent on afferent feedback from the lungs. We propose that the synchronized sympathetic-respiratory responses are driven by a common population of neurons, which may normally be activated by an acute threatening stimulus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00205.2012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,20]],"date-time":"2012-07-20T09:49:05Z","timestamp":1342777745000},"page":"R599-R610","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Synchronized activation of sympathetic vasomotor, cardiac, and respiratory outputs by neurons in the midbrain colliculi"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"303","author":[{"given":"Kamon","family":"Iigaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences (Physiology) and Bosch Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Sydney, Australia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1via Camargos de Figueir\u00eado","family":"M\u00fcller-Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences (Physiology) and Bosch Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Sydney, Australia;"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Hipertens\u00e3o, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biof\u00edsica, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jouji","family":"Horiuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences (Physiology) and Bosch Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Sydney, Australia;"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Saitama, Japan; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lachlan M.","family":"McDowall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences (Physiology) and Bosch Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Sydney, Australia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"Nalivaiko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco A. 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