{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T09:24:18Z","timestamp":1773307458451,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neiguan (PC-6) is a traditional acupoint in each forearm and overlies the trunk of the median nerve. Previous studies show that electroacupuncture (EA) at the Neiguan acupoint could improve not only myocardial ischemic dysfunction by inducing a depressor response but also recover hemorrhagic hypotension by inducing a pressor response. However, their physiological mechanisms are not yet elucidated. We investigated the pressor effect of Neiguan EA and its mechanism by focusing on left ventricular (LV) performance in a canine hemorrhagic hypotension model. We hemorrhaged 36 anesthetized and thoracotomized mongrel dogs and decreased LV end-systolic pressure (ESP) to \u223c70 mmHg (35% decrease). We obtained LV pressure-volume (P-V) data with a micromanometer catheter and a conductance catheter. One-hour Neiguan EA significantly recovered the decreased ESP, end-diastolic volume, and stroke volume by 32 \u00b1 13%, 27 \u00b1 13%, and 39 \u00b1 17%, respectively ( P &lt; 0.05), without changing heart rate and the slope of the end-systolic P-V relation. Neiguan EA inhibited a hemorrhage-induced increase in plasma catecholamines. However, vecuronium (neuromuscular blocking agent) administration abolished the antihypotension effect of Neiguan EA. Furthermore, Neiguan EA was much more effective than a nonacupoint thigh EA. We conclude that Neiguan EA achieved the antihypotension effect by improving LV filling of the hemorrhage-depressed LV performance despite the inhibition of the hemorrhage-increased plasma catecholamines. This pressor effect seemed to accompany an increased venous return by Neiguan EA-increased vasomotor tone and muscle pump. This study demonstrated a scientific basis for the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of hemorrhagic hypotension and shock.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00243.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]],"date-time":"2015-03-03T20:32:56Z","timestamp":1425414776000},"page":"R1446-R1452","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Pressor effect of electroacupuncture on hemorrhagic hypotension"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"285","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Syuu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Matsubara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Hosogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Suga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"REF1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.70.5.812"},{"key":"REF2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00114.x"},{"key":"REF3","unstructured":"Bao YX, Yu GR, Lu HH, Zhen DS, Cheng BH, and Pan CQ.Acupuncture in acute myocardial infarction.Chin Med J (Engl)95: 824-828, 1982."},{"key":"REF4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.38.5.347"},{"key":"REF5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1999.276.6.H2127"},{"key":"REF6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199702203360801"},{"key":"REF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dillon AR, Hankes GH, Nachreiner RF, and Redding RW.Experimental hemorrhage in splenectomized and nonsplenectomized dogs.Am J Vet Res41: 707-711, 1980.","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1980.41.05.707"},{"key":"REF8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/86.559350"},{"key":"REF9","unstructured":"Harris MCand Loewy AD.Neural regulation of vasopressin-containing hypothalamic neurons and the role of vasopressin in cardiovascular function. In:Central Regulation of Autonomic Functions, edited by Loewy AD and Spyer KM. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990."},{"key":"REF10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.9.1265"},{"key":"REF11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.1984.tb00138.x"},{"key":"REF12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1996.270.4.H1509"},{"key":"REF13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.79.1.167"},{"key":"REF14","unstructured":"Kernohan WG, Brown JG, Ward PE, and Mollan RAB.Muscle stimulation for the prevention of venous stasis during surgery. In:Progress in Bioengineering, edited by Paul JP. Bristol, UK: Adam Hilger, 1989, p. 253-255."},{"key":"REF15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026835559000500411"},{"key":"REF16","unstructured":"Li P.The pressor and anti-shock effects of acupuncture on hypotension. In:The Mechanism of Acupuncture Therapy and Clinical Case Studies, edited by Cheung L, Li P, and Wong C. 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New York: Taylor and Francis, 2001."},{"key":"REF18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.12.1186"},{"key":"REF19","unstructured":"Liu Rand Lang M.Effect of electrical needing \u201cNeiguan\u201d point on the promotion of the recovery of acute myocardial ischemia in cats: analysis of afferent pathways.Acupunct Res3: 229-233, 1986."},{"key":"REF20","unstructured":"Longhurst JC.Acupuncture's beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system.Preventive Cardiol4: 21-33, 1998."},{"key":"REF21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.78.5.1299"},{"key":"REF22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00427.2001"},{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1988.255.5.R731"},{"key":"REF24","unstructured":"Raymond RM.When does the heart fail during shock?Circ Shock30: 27-41, 1990."},{"key":"REF25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a059865"},{"key":"REF26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1973.53.4.916"},{"key":"REF27","unstructured":"Song X, Tang Z, Hou Z, and Zhu S.An experimental study on acupuncture anti-hemorrhagic shock.J Tradit Chin Med13: 207-210, 1993."},{"key":"REF28","unstructured":"Smith JJand Kampine JP.Circulatory Physiology\u2014The Essentials.Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1990, p. 253-273."},{"key":"REF29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1990.70.2.247"},{"key":"REF30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.51.231"},{"key":"REF31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X7500044X"},{"key":"REF32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2739\/kurumemedj.31.37"},{"key":"REF33","unstructured":"Veith I.Translation of the Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine (Huang Di Neijing Su Wen), circa. 2696-2698, BC.Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1949.[Cited by Man PL and Chen CH. Acupuncture \u201canesthesia\u201d\u2014a new theory and clinical study.Curr Ther Res14: 390-394, 1972.]"},{"key":"REF34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02576831"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00243.2003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T17:50:54Z","timestamp":1747763454000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00243.2003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajpregu.00243.2003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00243.2003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-6119","1522-1490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-6119","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]}}}