{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T19:30:00Z","timestamp":1791574200646,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"HHS | NIH | NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OD023847"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OD023847"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK27627"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK27627"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.physiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Vagal preganglionic neurons innervate myenteric ganglia. These autonomic efferents are distributed so densely within the ganglia that it has been impractical to track individual vagal axons through the myenteric plexus with tracer labeling. To evaluate whether vagal efferent axons evidence selectivity, particularly for nitrergic or non-nitrergic myenteric neurons within the plexus, we limited the numbers and volumes of brainstem dextran biotin tracer injections per animal. Reduced labeling and the use of immunohistochemistry generated cases in which some individual axons could be distinguished and traced in three dimensions (Neurolucida) within and among successive (up to 46) myenteric ganglia. In the myenteric plexus of all stomach regions, the majority (\u223c86%) of vagal efferents were organized into two distinct subtypes. One subtype (\u223c24% of dextran-labeled efferents, designated \u201cprimarily nitrergic\u201d) selectively contacted and linked\u2014both within and between ganglia\u2014nitric oxide synthase positive (nNOS+) neurons into presumptive motor modules. A second subtype (\u223c62% of efferents, designated \u201cprimarily non-nitrergic\u201d) appeared to selectively contact and link\u2014both within and between ganglia\u2014non-nitrergic enteric neurons into a second type of effector ensemble. A third candidate type (\u223c14% of labeled preganglionics), appeared to lack \u201cnitrergic selectivity\u201d and to contact both nNOS+ and nNOS\u2212 enteric neurons. In addition to the quantitative assessment of the efferent axons in stomach, qualitative observations of the proximal duodenum indicated similar selective vagal efferent projections, in proportions comparable with those evaluated in the stomach. Limited injections of tracer, three-dimensional (3-D) tracing of individual axons, and histochemistry of myenteric neurons might distinguish additional efferent phenotypes. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00260.2022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T13:40:09Z","timestamp":1673271609000},"page":"R305-R316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/aps-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Vagal preganglionic axons arborize in the myenteric plexus into two types: nitrergic and non-nitrergic postganglionic motor pools?"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"324","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4738-4024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. M.","family":"Jaffey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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