{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T03:42:53Z","timestamp":1775619773779,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"HHS | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR002014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR002014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL144781"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL144781"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.physiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The effects of nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate, GTN) on baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) are incompletely understood. Moreover, there are no reports evaluating the acute responses in both the sympathetic BRS (SBRS) and the cardiovagal BRS (CBRS) to the administration of sublingual GTN. We hypothesized that sublingual GTN modulates both CBRS and SBRS. In 10 healthy subjects, beat-to-beat heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) were recorded before and for 10\u2009min after sublingual administration of GTN 0.4\u2009mg. SBRS was evaluated from the relationship between spontaneous variations in diastolic BP and MSNA. CBRS was assessed with the sequence technique. These variables were assessed during baseline, during 3rd\u20136th min ( post A), and 7th\u201310th min ( post B) after GTN administration. Two min after GTN administration, MSNA increased significantly and remained significantly elevated during recording. Compared with baseline, CBRS decreased significantly ( post A: 12.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6 to 7.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0\u2009ms\/mmHg, P &lt; 0.05), whereas SBRS increased significantly ( post A: 0.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2 to 1.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2 units\u00b7beat<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7mmHg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, P &lt; 0.05) with an upward shift of the operating point. There were no differences in these variables between posts A and B. A clinical dose of GTN increased MSNA rapidly through effects on both CBRS and SBRS. These effects should be kept in mind when nitrates are used to clinically treat chest pain and acute coronary syndromes and used as vasodilators in experimental settings. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00304.2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T12:00:51Z","timestamp":1628683251000},"page":"R525-R536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/aps-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Acute effects of sublingual nitroglycerin on cardiovagal and sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"321","author":[{"given":"Takuto","family":"Hamaoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Blaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan C.","family":"Luck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urs A.","family":"Leuenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence I.","family":"Sinoway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4015-9484","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jian","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.2.767"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S79116"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.06.046"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30194-1"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1999.276.5.h1691"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.81.3.939"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474X.2008.00219.x"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.9.2286"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12143"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP278376"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000190"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/eph8802632"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.66.4.874"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.103.16.2072"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13009"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.11.3206"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001856"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.03.056"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20676"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02532-9"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.88.6.2524"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0033-0620(81)90016-5"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00019.2013"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1979.59.4.919"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.116640"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00899.2001"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.12.2.214"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1978.sp012170"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.158329"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.5.8912770"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00403"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1994.267.3.H994"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00355.2016"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0861h.x"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00228.2006"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.108977"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.117507"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.141739"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.208538"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00505.2020"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03193146"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00236.2012"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)90591-l"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.87.5.1461"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.97.23.2352"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01510-8"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.84.6.2336"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0735-1097(10)80342-0"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15371.x"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00215.2004"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00618.2003"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1989.257.5.E654"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.65.6.1710"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00296.2020"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.170134"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.66.6.2778"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119191"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00163.2017"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.281.1.H284"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0202.101970"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1987.252.2.R367"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1972.sp009976"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1996.271.3.H1049"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.173237"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP274269"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/embc.2015.7318793"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272944"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00098.2018"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.80.2.285"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.302549"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00304.2020","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T15:25:14Z","timestamp":1632410714000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00304.2020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajpregu.00304.2020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00304.2020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-6119","1522-1490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-6119","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-10-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}