{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T11:48:22Z","timestamp":1791978502500,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHD054816"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHD054816"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Pennsylvania State Hershey Department of Surgery","award":["Intramural Funds"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Intramural Funds"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> During lactation, highly specialized secretory mammary epithelial cells (MECs) produce and secrete huge quantities of nutrients and nonnutritive factors into breast milk. The zinc (Zn) transporter ZnT4 ( SLC30A4) transports Zn into the trans-Golgi apparatus for lactose synthesis, and across the apical cell membrane for efflux from MECs into milk. This is consistent with observations in \u201clethal milk\u201d ( lm\/lm) mice, which have a truncation mutation in SLC30A4, and present with not only low milk Zn concentration, but also smaller mammary glands, decreased milk volume, and lactation failure by lactation day 2. However, the molecular underpinnings of these defects are not understood. Here, we used lactating C57BL\/6J<jats:sup> lm\/lm<\/jats:sup> (ZnT4-null) mice to explore the consequences of a ZnT4-null phenotype on mammary gland function during early lactation. Lactating C57BL\/6J<jats:sup> lm\/lm<\/jats:sup> mice had significantly fewer, smaller, and collapsed alveoli comprising swollen, lipid-filled MECs during early lactation. These defects were associated with decreased Akt expression and STAT5 activation, indicative of defects in MEC secretion. In addition, increased expression of ZnT2, TNF-\u03b1, and cleaved e-cadherin concomitant with increased activation of STAT3 implicated the loss of ZnT4 in precocious activation of involution. Collectively, our study indicates that the loss of ZnT4 has profound consequences on MEC secretion and may promote tissue remodeling in the mammary gland during early lactation. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00315.2014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,4]],"date-time":"2015-11-04T23:13:14Z","timestamp":1446678794000},"page":"R33-R40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["ZnT4 (<i>SLC30A4<\/i>)-null (\u201clethal milk\u201d) mice have defects in mammary gland secretion and hallmarks of precocious involution during lactation"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"310","author":[{"given":"Nicholas H.","family":"McCormick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sooyeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Hennigar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon L.","family":"Kelleher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania;"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania;"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and"},{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/122.6.1214"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr1653"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10911-014-9321-0"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M605821200"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.150623"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a109990"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2006.07.021"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0914941107"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.24992"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08033"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.214122"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr1331"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1197-292"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064045"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.121172598"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00471.2004"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.11.3378"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/an.110.000232"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22900"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.368159"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.637439"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1263"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2011.01.027"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/an.112.003038"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21518"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-4242-8_22"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200107065"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1999.277.6.G1231"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02829937"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M500175200"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr1411"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/jkst.23228"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00527.x"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10911-007-9054-4"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-013-9560-1"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/31.4.560"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.619449"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10911-007-9058-0"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.082974"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M300045-JLR200"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.531145"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00420.2010"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr1371"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.7.2835"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr1368"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1208638"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058022"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.5.3328"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-8-6"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2010.11.006"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2012.04.011"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027795"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2015.2170"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00315.2014","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]],"date-time":"2019-09-08T14:42:01Z","timestamp":1567953721000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00315.2014"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajpregu.00315.2014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00315.2014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-6119","1522-1490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-6119","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]}}}