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This response was inhibited by 76% by intracerebroventricular injection of BIBP-3226, a neuropeptide Y<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>(NPY<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) receptor antagonist, increased by 48% by astressin-B, a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor antagonist, and not modified by S-406-028, a somatostatin subtype 2 antagonist. After the 5-min tail pinch without food, blood glucose rose by 21% ( P &lt; 0.01) while changes in plasma acyl ghrelin (+41%) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (+37%) were not significant. Two tail pinches (45 min apart) activate pontine and hindbrain catecholaminergic and hypothalamic paraventricular CRF neurons. After 14 days of repeated tail pinch, the 5-min orexigenic response was not significantly different from days 2 to 11 but reduced by 50% thereafter ( P &lt; 0.001). Simultaneously, the 5-min fecal pellet output increased during the last 5 days compared with the first 5 days (+58%, P &lt; 0.05). At day 14, the body weight gain was reduced by 22%, with a 99% inhibition of fat gain and a 25% reduction in lean mass ( P &lt; 0.05). The orexigenic response to acute 5-min tail pinch is likely to involve the activation of brain NPY<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>signaling, whereas that of CRF tends to dampen the acute response and may contribute to increased defecation and decreased body weight gain induced by repeated tail pinch.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00335.2013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,12]],"date-time":"2013-12-12T07:16:30Z","timestamp":1386832590000},"page":"R164-R174","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Orexigenic response to tail pinch: role of brain NPY<sub>1<\/sub>and corticotropin releasing factor receptors"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"306","author":[{"given":"Miriam","family":"Goebel-Stengel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CURE Digestive Diseases Research Center, Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, at University of California Los Angeles and Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles 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