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There is an important, unmet need to carefully test clinical interventions in both sexes. Therefore, we aimed to investigate cardiovascular and neurophysiological adaptations to MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> during normoxia and asphyxia in preterm male and female fetal sheep. Fetuses were instrumented at 98 \u00b1 1 days of gestation (term = 147 days). At 104 days, unanesthetized fetuses were randomly assigned to intravenous MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> ( n = 12 female, 10 male) or saline ( n = 13 female, 10 male). At 105 days fetuses underwent umbilical cord occlusion for up to 25 min. Occlusions were stopped early if mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) fell below 8 mmHg or asystole occurred for &gt;20 s. During normoxia, MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> was associated with similar reductions in fetal heart rate (FHR), EEG power, and movement in both sexes ( P &lt; 0.05 vs. saline controls) and suppression of \u03b1- and \u03b2-spectral band power in males ( P &lt; 0.05 vs. saline controls). During occlusion, similar FHR and MAP responses occurred in MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-treated males and females compared with saline controls. Recovery of FHR and MAP after release of occlusion was more prolonged in MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-treated males ( P &lt; 0.05 vs. saline controls). During and after occlusion, EEG power was lower in MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-treated females ( P &lt; 0.05 vs. saline controls). In conclusion, MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> infusion was associated with subtle sex-specific effects on EEG spectral power and cardiac responses to asphyxia in utero, possibly reflecting sex-specific differences in interneuronal connectivity and regulation of cardiac output. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00390.2017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,21]],"date-time":"2018-03-21T15:03:16Z","timestamp":1521644596000},"page":"R205-R217","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Magnesium sulfate and sex differences in cardiovascular and neural adaptations during normoxia and asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"315","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Galinsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"},{"name":"The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 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