{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T16:11:08Z","timestamp":1771258268675,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation | Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo a pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - FAPERJ"},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Distrito Federal - FAPDF"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We sought to investigate the possibility that there are sex differences in the cardiovascular responses to trigeminal nerve stimulation (TGS) with cold exposure to the face at rest and during dynamic exercise. In 9 healthy men (age: 28\u2009\u00b1\u20093 yr; height: 178\u2009\u00b1\u20091 cm; weight: 77\u2009\u00b1\u20098 kg) and 13 women (age 26\u2009\u00b1\u20095 yr; height 164\u2009\u00b1\u20093 cm; weight 63\u2009\u00b1\u20097 kg) beat-to-beat heart rate (HR) and blood pressure were recorded. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), stroke volume (SV), cardiac index (CI), and total vascular resistance index (TVRI) were calculated. TGS was applied for 3 min at rest and in-between 10-min steady-state cycling exercise at a HR of 110 beats\/min, the measurements were obtained during the last minute of each period. At rest, TGS increased MAP (men: \u039418\u2009\u00b1\u20098 mmHg; women: \u039423\u2009\u00b1\u20098 mmHg; means\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD), TVRI (men: \u03941.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6 mmHg\u00b7l<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7min\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>; women: \u03941.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2 mmHg\u00b7l<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7min\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>) and SV (men: \u039419\u2009\u00b1\u200915 ml; women: \u039416\u2009\u00b1\u200911 ml) in both groups. CI increased with TGS in women but not in men. However, men presented a bradycardic response to TGS (\u0394\u221211\u2009\u00b1\u20098 beats\/min) that was not significant in women compared with baseline. Cycling exercise increased HR, MAP, SV, and CI and decreased TVRI in men and women. TGS during exercise further increased MAP in men and women and did not change CI in either group. SV and TVRI increased with TGS during exercise only in women. TGS during exercise evoked bradycardia in men (\u0394\u22127\u2009\u00b1\u20099 beats\/min), whereas HR was unchanged in women. Our findings indicate sex differences in TGS-related cardiovascular responses at rest and during exercise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00406.2017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]],"date-time":"2018-02-21T23:36:03Z","timestamp":1519256163000},"page":"R68-R75","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cardiovascular response to trigeminal nerve stimulation at rest and during exercise in humans: does sex matter?"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"315","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2700-0409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliza","family":"Prodel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niter\u00f3i, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5776-3824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thales 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