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Therefore, we measured fetal insulin secretion and \u03b2-cell mass following prolonged reduced fetal glucose supply in sheep. We also tested whether restoring physiological insulin concentrations would correct any \u03b2-cell defects. Pregnant sheep received either a direct saline infusion (CON = control, n = 5) or an insulin infusion (HG = hypoglycemic, n = 5) for 8 wk in late gestation (75 to 134 days) to decrease maternal glucose concentrations and reduce fetal glucose supply. A separate group of HG fetuses also received a direct fetal insulin infusion for the final week of the study with a dextrose infusion to prevent a further fall in glucose concentration [hypoglycemic + insulin (HG+I), n = 4]. Maximum glucose-stimulated insulin concentrations were 45% lower in HG fetuses compared with CON fetuses. \u03b2-Cell, pancreatic, and fetal mass were 50%, 37%, and 40% lower in HG compared with CON fetuses, respectively ( P &lt; 0.05). Insulin secretion and \u03b2-cell mass did not improve in the HG+I fetuses. These results indicate that chronically reduced fetal glucose supply is sufficient to reduce pancreatic insulin secretion in response to glucose, primarily due to reduced pancreatic and \u03b2-cell mass, and is not correctable with insulin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00413.2012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,8]],"date-time":"2012-11-08T07:34:10Z","timestamp":1352360050000},"page":"R50-R58","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Increased fetal insulin concentrations for one week fail to improve insulin secretion or \u03b2-cell mass in fetal sheep with chronically reduced glucose supply"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"304","author":[{"given":"Jinny R.","family":"Lavezzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal Research Center, Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie 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