{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T16:53:45Z","timestamp":1772816025035,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Rheumatoid cachexia is associated with rheumatoid arthritis and it increases mortality and morbidity. Adjuvant-induced arthritis is an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis that causes anorexia and muscle wasting. \u03b1-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (\u03b1-MSH) has anti-inflammatory actions, and it is able to decrease inflammation in several inflammatory diseases including experimental arthritis. In this study we tested whether systemic \u03b1-MSH treatment is able to ameliorate cachexia in arthritic rats. On day 8 after adjuvant injection control and arthritic rats were treated with \u03b1-MSH (50 \u03bcg\/rat ip) twice a day, until day 16 when all rats were euthanized. Arthritis decreased food intake, but it increased hypothalamic expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Agouti-related peptides (AgRP) as well as interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA. In arthritic rats, \u03b1-MSH decreased the external signs of arthritis and increased food intake ( P &lt; 0.01). In addition, \u03b1-MSH decreased hypothalamic expression of IL-1\u03b2, COX-2, proopiomelanocortin, and prohormone-converting (PC) enzymes PC1\/3 and PC2 mRNA in arthritic rats. In control rats, \u03b1-MSH did not modify food intake or hypothalamic expression of aforementioned mRNA. \u03b1-MSH prevented arthritis-induced increase in gastrocnemius COX-2, muscle-specific RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1), and atrogin-1 expression, and it increased fast myofiber size. In conclusion our data show that in arthritic rats peripheral \u03b1-MSH treatment has an anti-cachectic action increasing food intake and decreasing muscle wasting. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00447.2012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,21]],"date-time":"2013-03-21T04:33:53Z","timestamp":1363840433000},"page":"R877-R886","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Systemic \u03b1-melanocyte-stimulating hormone administration decreases arthritis-induced anorexia and muscle wasting"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"304","author":[{"given":"Ana Bel\u00e9n","family":"G\u00f3mez-SanMiguel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Isabel","family":"Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University 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